Wal-Mart International Essay -- Business Management, Case Study, solut

Wal-Mart InternationalIntroductionIn 1993, Wal-Mart had become Americas leading retailer, with net sales of $67 billion from its Wal-Mart stores, Sams Clubs, and Wal-Mart Supercenters. The Company had grown at a consider of 25% per year since 1990, and it was clear that to continue at its current rate of growth, Wal-Mart would have to seriously consider continuing its recent international magnification. During 1992, Wal-Mart had entered into a joint venture with CIFRA, Mexicos largest retailer, which currently operated 24 stores in Mexico and had plans to open 70 tender stores by 1995. The Company had also recently completed the acquisition of 122 Woolco department stores in Canada. Each of these expansions had presented unique challenges for Wal-Mart to adapt its operations to suit topical anaesthetic market demands, but Wal-Mart had successfully risen to the challenge. Given the Companys successful track record, it seemed logical to continue to expand internationally. If Wal-Ma rt didnt expand internationally, David Glass, Wal-Marts CEO, felt that companies would start to come to the US and increase competitive pressures nationalally. International expansion would drive growth and help in maintaining Wal-Marts dominant domestic position. Namely, entrance into foreign markets would force competitors to focus on their primary markets. If Wal-Mart planned to maintain its dominant position in the U.S., international expansion would not except drive growth, but it would also keep potential competitors trying to operate stores in their home markets rather than expanding into the U.S. Wal-Mart Company BackgroundSam Walton began his retail course working at J.C. Penney while in college and later leased a Ben Franklin franchised dime store in Newport, Arkansas (1945). In 1950, he relocated to Bentonville and undefendable a Walton Five and Dime. By 1962, Walton owned 15 Ben Franklin stores under the Walton Five and Dime name. Walton felt that big supermarkets wo uld eventually destroy the smaller, traditional five and dimes and in 1962, Walton opened his own supermarket discount store. Eight years later, the Company was trading on Wall Street and had 30 stores. Wal-Marts growth accelerated greatly during the 1970s. The Company aggressively marketed itself to middle class shoppers by advertising Everyday Low Prices. Walton motivated his employees by impleme... ...ring Argentina with a local partner, analysts expected the new stores to be able to capture additional market share and initially achieve lower operating and administrative expenses than if Wal-Mart entered on its own.Martin wondered which of these alternatives would be most advantageous to Wal-Mart.SummaryThe annual shareholders meeting was coming up, and Bob Martin needed to make a recommendation to Glass on how to proceed. Although Glass agreed with Martin that international expansion needed to continue, he wasnt convinced Argentina was the best choice. Glass urgencyed to be s ure that they had considered all of the risks involved before making such a large investment in a new country. If Martin did decide that Wal-Mart should invest in Argentina, Martin wondered which alternative to recommend. He needed to finish his analysis and sterilise a report for Glass that compared the alternatives. Whatever Martins recommendations, he knew they needed to be presented with a compelling argument. This was a critical year for Wal-Mart, and Glass would want to be able to demonstrate to Wal-Marts investors that the Company could overcome its slow down in growth during the last year.

The Free Will of Macbeth Essay -- Macbeth essays

The Free Will of Macbeth Destiny Destiny is not a matter of chance, it is a matter of choice it is not a thing to be waited for, it is a thing to be achieved. (William Jennings Bryan) Are we in control of our protest serving, our own fate, or are our lives really already planned and mapped out for us? Does Macbeth willfully choose venomous in set up to achieve his destiny? Or, is his destiny doomed by the witches prophecies? Macbeth may not have made any of his same choices, if the three Weird sisters hadnt amount to him. In Shakespeares play Macbeth, Macbeth is no pawn of fate. Although Macbeth was destined to require king, the path he chose to take to achieve his aspiration of obtaining the throne was of his own free will. Macbeth knew exactly what he was doing in order to attain his destiny of becoming king. Although Macbeth was skeptical about the witches predictions he later learned as the play progressed that destiny truly determined his future. The prophec y of the witches was that Macbeth would become king. Nowhere did the witches predict the following events in Macbeths life before he reached the throne. The prophecy of Macbeth becoming Thane of Cawdor had already come true, enhancing Macbeths aspirations of becoming king. The second prophecy would sure as shooting come true for him, but he has to choose how to get there. Macbeth was destined for the throne, however obtaining that destiny was completely up to him. Killing Duncan seemed to be the only panache for him, even though he knew it was wrong. Macbeth was well-aware his actions were immoral and unjust, and he continued with the murders anyway. He contemplates the reasons for why it would be wrong to kill Duncan, showing he could have ... ...rely diametric way if he had not already been told his future. The witches could have very well enhanced Macbeths desires he had held up inside him, causing him to make such evil and terrible choices. Macbeth believed that there was a destiny, for he was so threatened by Banquos destiny of being father to a whole line of kings, that he had Banquo murdered. As the play progressed, Macbeth learned that his destiny ultimately forms his future. All Macbeths actions were choices to attain his destiny, but they were nonetheless choices of his own free will. Macbeth was destined to become king however, destiny doesnt come along with the choices made to achieve that destiny. Macbeth knew what he was doing. Work Cited Shakespeare, William. Tragedy of Macbeth . Ed. Barbara Mowat and Paul Warstine. New York Washington Press, 1992.

A Respectable Trade: Slavery :: Market Systems England Essays

A unspoilt Trade SlaveryMany economic systems argon revealed in A sinewy Trade Slavery, Feudalism, Self-Employment, and Capitalism. England in 1788 was entering a period of economic transition. Viewing this finite period in A Respectable Trade allows us, as economists, to dissect the different market systems prevalent during that time.Slavery is the market system most focused on in A Respectable Trade. Josiahs respectable trade involves trading sugar, cocoa, coffee and cotton in Africa for captured Negro men, women and children. He then ships these slaves to the Caribbean, where he sells them. He makes all of his money in the change of these people. While Josiah and Sarah Cole have been involved in the slave trade for many years, in 1788 they have just begun to experience the immediate effects of slaves in their lives. Josiah has determined that he give make more money if he ships some slaves to England to train as house slaves. He has married Frances so that she will train and t each them while they live with the Coles in England. Josiah, Sarah, and Frances are learning the techniques of the slave master. As the film progresses, Josiah becomes more crass and unfeeling toward the slaves, seeing them all as property. When the slaves first arrive, he feels awkward and anxious about harming them. He knows that he should punish them and lord over them, but he is more gentle allowing Bates to reprimand and beat the slaves. He allows his customer to rape the slave girl, but he is uncomfortable doing so and does non want to watch. However, at the end of the movie, he stands over Bates while he severely beats Matthew, watching closely with no remorse. Holding human beings as property by chaining them and locking them in the house, controlling their lives and fates by selling them and forcing them to work, Josiah Cole has become a cruel slave master. Frances has a chief role in the slave system. Marrying Josiah, she becomes a instructor and a manager of the slave s in her home. She teaches them English, manners, and proper ways to serve their masters so they may become a more successful sale for Josiah. She does not do this because she desires his success, but because she is held in marriage in a feudal contract. Francis, a young woman without significant funds, without supportive family, and without an acceptable job, has few options in life.

Lord of the Flies: Human Nature :: Character Analysis

I cerebrate that human nature shows what type of person we argon. Human nature guides us as individuals to do the right thing. We learn by our surroundings and it plays on our society and the nature of us as humans. This drumhead had me ponder the question whether or not humans can be born evil? The book just made me count of all the times I carry grown up and seen some bad incidents that are part of life. Some unmatched close to me has made an abundance of bad choices in his life and when I was younger, he was the one I always boldnessed up to as a brotherly figure but also as a best friend. He was the one that saved my life when I was younger. He was also somebody that I could trust with my life, but then I ask myself how he became such a bad person because he started hanging with the wrong crowd. He ended up pushing me aside to be with his so-called friends at the time. I think his true nature was starting to show through. He was not the brotherly figure I used to know when I was just a chela he had changed from a brotherly figure I used to know and have so much admiration for, but now he is soul that I do not like being around.I wonder if environmental surroundings had shaped both him and me, and to what extent this influence had on the both of us. He and I had changed very much since we were both children, now he is getting ready to turn 25 and I am 19. I believe our human nature makes us the type of people we are today.In Lord of the Flies, I realized no matter how honourable of person you are your true nature always comes through. For example, in the story you see how evil Roger can be while on the other side you see how good Ralph is. I think that is where I saw the symbolism between all the characters and each character has their own characteristics from our true human nature. I have seen that each character in the story had their shown their true nature. Rogers character in the story is someone that has a true nature of being evil, but if you look at Simons point of view, you would see how he represented the good side of human nature.

of mice and men...theme of lonliness in the book :: essays research papers

Of Mice and Men Literary AnalysisOf Mice and Men, written by John Steinbeck, is a book that can be analyzed and broken down into a vast majority of themes. One of the predominant themes found in this book is loneliness. Many characters in this book are affected by loneliness and they either demonstrate it in one way or another throughout the book. Examples of these characters are Curleys Wife, Crooks, and Candy.All through the book Curleys Wife is real open to everyone she meets. The reason for this can be interpreted by her and Curleys so-called marriage. The relationship between Curleys Wife and Curley seems to be somewhat parlous as he is always asking Any you guys seen my married woman? (pg. ). This also shows how protective Curley seems to be as he is always checking up on where his wife is. Curleys insecurity seems to cage in his wife from having any kind of a friendship with any other men. In turn, the wife gets so stray of being isolated like this and relieves her loneli ness by conducting secret conversations with many other men on the cattle farm. As a result many of the ranch hands see her as a tramp but it can be viewed that all she really wants is a person to talk to.Crooks also feels a great deal of loneliness, as he is an outcast on the ranch. He lives in his own room where hardly anybody ever bothers him. He is never invited to see cards or do anything fun with the other guys. One day a curious Lenny asked, Why aint you wanted? Crooks replies Cause Im black. They play cards in there, but I cant play because Im black. They think I stink. Well I tell you, you all stink to me (pg. ). Crooks attitude towards this is shown when he saw Lennie playing with his puppy out place of Crooks quarters. Crooks states that if me, as a black man, is not allowed in the exsanguine quarters, then white men are not allowed in mine (pg. ). However this is merely a front as the more open side of Crooks is shown later on in the book.Candy also feels the burden o f loneliness and shows it by his relationship with his sheep dog. The dog, being described as ancient, stinky, and half-blind, had been in Candys life for a very long time and Candy had grown attached to it.

of mice and men...theme of lonliness in the book :: essays research papers

Of Mice and Men Literary AnalysisOf Mice and Men, written by John Steinbeck, is a phonograph record that can be analyse and broken down into a vast majority of themes. One of the predominant themes found in this book is loneliness. Many characters in this book are affected by loneliness and they all demonstrate it in one way or another throughout the book. Examples of these characters are Curleys married woman, Crooks, and Candy.All through the book Curleys Wife is very open to ever soyone she meets. The reason for this can be interpreted by her and Curleys so-called marriage. The relationship between Curleys Wife and Curley seems to be somewhat unstable as he is everlastingly asking Any you guys seen my wife? (pg. ). This also shows how protective Curley seems to be as he is always checking up on where his wife is. Curleys insecurity seems to cage in his wife from having any kind of a friendship with any other men. In turn, the wife gets so sick of being isolated like this and relieves her loneliness by conducting secret conversations with many other men on the ranch. As a result many of the ranch hands see her as a tramp but it can be viewed that all she really wants is a someone to talk to.Crooks also feels a great deal of loneliness, as he is an outcast on the ranch. He lives in his own room where hardly anybody ever bothers him. He is never invited to play cards or do anything fun with the other guys. One day a curious Lenny asked, Why aint you wanted? Crooks replies Cause Im bleak. They play cards in there, but I cant play because Im black. They see I stink. Well I tell you, you all stink to me (pg. ). Crooks attitude towards this is shown when he saw Lennie playing with his puppy outside of Crooks quarters. Crooks states that if me, as a black man, is not allowed in the white quarters, then white men are not allowed in mine (pg. ). However this is merely a front as the more open side of Crooks is shown later on in the book.Candy also feels the b urden of loneliness and shows it by his relationship with his sheep dog. The dog, being described as ancient, stinky, and half-blind, had been in Candys life for a very long time and Candy had grown attached to it.

Bloom’s Taxonomy Essay

Bloom believes that there be six cognitive take aims that classifies thinking in cognitive levels, with each level being more complex than the previous one. Which means that the human brain has the capacity to do more than acquire and understand factual knowledge. Below are the six cognitive levels.1. Creating Putting elements together to form a coherent, or functional whole reorganizing elements into a new pattern or structure finished generating. planning or producing.2. Evaluating Making judgments based on a criteria and stands with checking and critiquing.3. Analyzing Breaking material into constituent parts, determining how the parts relate to one other and to overall structure or purpose threw the differentialine organizing, and attributing.4. Applying carrying out or using a procedure through implementing, understanding/ constructing manage from oral, written, and graphic message through interpreting, exemplifying, classifying, summarizing, inferring, comparing, and expla ining.5. Understanding constructing meaning from oral, written, and graphic messages through interpreting, exemplifying,classifying, summarizing, inferring, comparing, and explaining.6. Remembering retrieving, recognizing, and recalling relevant knowledge from long term memory.I believe that this is the basic process that most mint use to remember and learn a new concept. As almost all projects start with an idea which is where you would create your outline/ idea then you would usually evaluate and analyze that outline/ idea. If you feel that steps one three were going to work you would then apply your idea. Once the idea has been applied it leave behind help you to understand the concept. Which will make remembering it much easier.

Revolutionizing an Industry’s Supply Chain Model

Revolutionizing an Industrys Supply Chain Model for Competitive Advantage Crocs is matchless of leading manufacturer and the fastest growing confederacy in the footwear industry. While it sold its first shoe in 2003, it has reported revenue of $143 million in the second quarter of 2007. This phenomenal triplex digit compounding growth rate is because of its policies over its product and supply chain eventually leading to competitive advantages over its competitors.The case opens up with a brief discussion of how Crocs came into existence at the very first place. Skipping ahead to the crucial part, the founders of Crocs (whom then were not founders yet) discovered the spume clog shoes that one of them was wearing to be very comfortable, odorless and not slippery. They thought it was likeable and marketable thus, they decided to start the shoe company only using the foam clog. Unexpectedly it was a huge hit and words of mouth expended the customer base.With the uncontrollable incre ase in demand, the founders had to hire a superior to manage their company. This professional is Ronald Synder, a college friend of theirs, who was already an executive in an electronic company. With his help, Crocs has grown astoundingly over the next few years as I have discussed previously. With reaching of Ronald Synder, one of the first things he did was purchase foam creation plant in order to have control over the production.He then launched the company products global and increased efforts on marketing in a very early stage. These successive attempts have significantly increased the sales revenue eventually. However, these were not his beaver moves that led to double digit compounding growth over the next few years. With the increase in growing demand, Ronald Synder not only acquired other plants at different locations but also agreed to increase risk with its contracted manufacturers. Such is in the case of their contracted manufacturer in China.His approach of impact demand is different from a traditional approach in that he is determined to response even before there is an actual change in the market. Thus, when he is able to pick up signs of growing demand for a specific product, he will the product into assembly even before orders are received. That way, products always meet demand in a timely manner. This flexibility in supply chain has revolutionized the whole industry and the way things are done. In addition, this flexibility in supply chain has also given Crocs a major competitive advantage over its competitors.

Peace on Earth

This place known so sound to me never fails to uplift my spirits after the annual visit my family and I take over summer. The crisp wind and the scent of nature suss outm to cast a spell on campers, relaxing and relieving them of stress. Tellico Plains, Tennessee might very well be my peace on Earth. I love escaping from the malicious grasp of modern day technology and taking a leap into the wild, with a tip of fresh air to clear my head. It is absolutely rejuvenating to come to this town and live with no connections to the World for a week.Two hours up the narrow, winding, gravel path spiraling the mountain, we shorten to the right at Big Oak Campsite. The popping of the tire treads on the gravel sends warm waves through my body I know we have arrived. at one time I venture to the freshwater stream crafted from the melting ice off the higher altitude mountains. Due to how inviting it looks, I hop across the slippery stones to the notorious Old Faithful rock, which is just a g ood trout fishing spot. Standing here I s shadow my surroundings, which b slump my mind. The lush forest filled with oak, pine, maple, and half-evergreen trees is so dominant over me and I know it, but I am ok with it.The stream is relatively narrow, only spanning about 20 ft in width. Rocks of all sizes poke out the surface of the water and electric green moss grows thick on each one. They serve as my stepping stones back to the bank. The Coleman camper we get virtually behind the car is old and smells musty every year, but it doesnt phase me at all. We wench the pop top up and pull out the beds, make them up and sweep the linoleum floor before we go any further in setting up camp, the last run across to the camper being a floor mat just inside the door.By this time, the sun is setting and the fireflies are flourishing. Everywhere you look you see a instigate of yellow-green light on the move. Its almost impossible to refrain from getting up to attempt to catch one, so I get u p every time. Creeping up slowly with a jar in one hand, lid in the other, I zoom my vision to the vicinity around me, wait for the bud of the insect to light up, and snatch him up inside the jar. It is likely, too, that I move on to the next nearest light I see and try again to catch a critter, and in the process lose the first one I caught, leaving me with none.The creaking of the Coleman coolers filled with ice, cold cokes, impudent tea, bacon, eggs, and the most delicious chocolate milk in the World makes my eyes light up. It just gives me that feeling of lightness like there are no worries here. It has nothing to do with the fact that it is a cooler, but more so the amount of times I have heard the sound, only here. As the temperature drops low at night, a fire is needed to keep warm. Mom usually takes the initiative to get the fire going. The teepee of logs under stuffed with newspapers and twigs burns slow and hot, and makes a mean smore.Appetite satisfied, exhausted from th e trip, the pull out mattress looks ever so inviting. I grab my toothbrush and walk to the water cooler to brush my teeth and wash my face. After cleaned up, its PJ time. Then I lay myself down, pull the covers up to my chin and tuck myself in. As I lie here, I can honestly say I feel numb to the World. The rushing of the stream plays in my head like music and puts me in a trance a trance that no other place could ever measure up to doing. There really is peace on Earth, unfortunately you have to find it.

Culture Shock Essay

Studying, working or living abroad can be a extraordinary experience. However, this can also be an awful time in ones life with some throng run a risking a lot of uneasiness in adapting to a in the buff society. This impact of moving from a familiar culture to one which is unfamiliar is referred to as culture shock. It includes the different feelings and apprehension people have when learning the ways of a different society. This paper looks at this occupational disease as is commonly known. The term culture shock was rootage used by the anthropologist Oberg back in 1960.According to Oberg, there are six main aspects of culture shock. The first is strain, an effect caused by the effort to adapt. other aspect is a sense of loss and feelings of deprivation in relation to friends, berth, profession and possessions. A third common aspect which especially affects people who move to a new environment without prior familiarisation with the environments culture and way of life is a feeling of rejection by the members of the new culture, or correct rejecting the members.Confusion in roles, values and self-identity is a nonher equally significant aspect of culture shock. A certain variety of people whitethorn experience foreboding and even disgust or anger about practices they may encounter in their new environment. Last but not least, Oberg identified feelings of helplessness, a case where one may be unable to cope with the new environment. scorn the many negative descriptions that Oberg gave about culture shock, in all its several(a) firms, it has been acknowledged as a part of a successful process of adaptation.(Marx, 2001, 5) Culture shock has several stages and the many symptoms known usually occur later on the first stage, the honeymoon stage. The honeymoon stage is an excitement stage experienced in the first few weeks of an individuals relocation to a new environment. The honeymoon stage may last for even months, depending on certain circumstances, such as the persons popularity. For instance, a well-known person may experience a long honeymoon stage, where he or she may be shitn to the show places and given special attention.This experience may not last for long if the person is forced by circumstances to remain in the place for a long period of time. It is then that the person may start having a hostile and aggressive attitude towards the host country, and many symptoms may occur. (World wide classroom, 2008) For example, excessive concern over cleanliness, where one may find the new and strange experiences in-appropriate or plain dirty, especially in relation to drinking water, food and bedding. Another common symptom is a want for dependence on long term residents of ones own nationality.Other symptoms such as the fear of physical contact with attendants or servants, irritation over disciplines and other minor frustrations out of their proportion to their causes, excessive fear of being cheated, robbed or injured, gre at concern over minor pains and irruptions of the skin, delay and outright refusal to learn the language of the host country and most significantly, the terrible longing to be in familiar environment, a situation where one would cut down ones relatives and friends. (World wide classroom, 2008) Everyone has been known to be affected by culture shock.Some people adapt quite easily, but others may take years to fully adapt to their new environment. It is therefore critical to understand how to deal with it. Culture shock is unavoidable, disdain a persons status or circumstances. However, various ways have been identified of minimizing it. Some of these steps include, firstly, allowing time to find out about culture shock, which may involve tasks such as reading and carrying out research about the intended place of destination, a step which encompasses learning to recognize the symptoms and their potential impact. Secondly, expecting culture shock to croak is an important step.This s hould be irrespective of location or distance, as culture shock is likely to occur in a neighbouring country as very much as in a far country. The third step is identifying all the opportunities for building support networks with local people as soon as primeval as possible. Another equally important step to remember is not to give in to any stressful situation. Learning from people who have undergone resembling experiences is an invaluable step as someone is able to avoid certain mistakes, hence adapting faster and easier. In some extreme cases, symptoms may persist despite a persons coping efforts.In such situations, then one is advised to seek professional help through counselors or medical profession. It is critical to remember that reverse culture shock, a situation where the symptoms of culture shock re-occur to people when they get back home is equally normal. Most importantly, is to consider about the positive aspects of culture shock it is worthy noting that people who experience culture shock adapt better than those who do not. (Marx, 2001, 18) According to recent research, the much well-traveled and practiced at absorbing, accepting and adapting one is, the more easily one overcomes culture shock.Good adjustment to a new environment ensures that one competently performs the roles that each social context requires, thus avoiding frustrations resulting from inappropriate behaviour. (International Education, 2008) Managing culture shock is a skill which is increasingly gaining importance in almost all locomote fields, and can be of invaluable help to international students, job relocation and even living outside a persons native country. Despite the many painful experiences associated with culture shock, minimizing it using the steps aforementioned can greatly assist in adapting to a new society hence increase ones time and resources.Works Cited Eickelmann C. , The International Educational Site Studying abroad and Culture coke. Retrieved 29 N ovember, 2008 from http//www. intstudy. com/articles/ec184a13. htm Marx E. (2001) Breaking through Culture Shock What You Need to Succeed in International Business. Nicholas Brealey Publishing. World Wide Classroom. (2006) Culture Shock and the Problem of Adjustment to New Cultural environments Retrieved 29 November, 2008 from http//www. worldwide. edu/about/index. hypertext mark-up language

Cultural Relevance of Artwork Essay

The very spirit of an ar devilrk remains in the clip it was bring ind. in that respect is no better way to appreciate trick than to understand its situational stage setting, that is, the space and time of its creation. Works of art ar like photographs taken in a particular time and place.In this paper we explore the situational context of three whole kit and boodle of art (1) Produced in the belatedly seventeenth century, hook up with of bloody shame and Joseph is Peruvian painting (2) Pierre-Auguste Renoirs Acrobats At The Cirque Fernando (1879) shows two young Parisian girls and (3) Figure of a Mother Holding a barbarian, created in the nineteenth century by an unknown Lulua artist (See Appendix). All three pieces of art tell interesting, unique tales ab start their makers and the conditions of their times.Whats much, layers upon layers of human thought finished and done disparate times and places of human history may be unearthed through this growth of art appreciat ion. Our present accord of historical societies and cultures must also influence the motion of interpreting a work of art. After all, unmatchable scholar may consider a painting with the look of a sociologist in our time, while another(prenominal) may be a trained psychologist. Such designations did not exist before now. Regardless of how an artwork is interpreted and with what lens and in which frame it is looked through works of art stay alive as we glean historical information through them.As the following section on Wedding of bloody shame and Joseph shows, it is possible to develop various interpretations about the time and place of an artist even if researched historical information is there to assist us in our interpretation. Wedding of Mary and Joseph Produced by an unknown artist, Wedding of Mary and Joseph is an oil painting on canvas, depicting the couple getting married before the high non-Christian priest who is clothed in a richly flower-patterned hooded mantle (We dding of Mary and Joseph). There are clergymen assisting the high priest. Joseph is carrying his staff which has flowers at the top.Moreover, both the bride and bridegroom excite golden halos. Ann, the mother of Mary stands right behind the bride. By Anns side is a suitor of Mary who has been rejected by Gods command. The suitor is shown breaking his staff, which has not flowered like the staff of Joseph (Wedding of Mary and Joseph). The painting is enriched by gold stamping, which unifies the composition (Wedding of Mary and Joseph). There are Peruvian flowers scattered on the ground where Mary and Joseph stand. This transfers the scene of the Bible from the Holy Land to Peru (Wedding of Mary and Joseph).Furthermore, it describes an important transaction in Peruvian art history by the name of Cusco School (Bennett). Indeed, this painting accompanies a very important period in Peruvian history. Spanish settlement had not only managed to transfer the Spanish Inquisition to the S panish territories around the globe, but also brought European art into Peru (Bennett). The Spanish Inquisition had claimed m any(prenominal) lives in Europe. In Peru, the Inquisition had centered on the discovery of peck who were Jews by birth, but had claimed to have converted to Christianity. These people were suspected to have gone corroborate from Catholicism to Judaism.Thus, the Peruvian Inquisition was about punishing the Jews or converted Catholics for apostasy (Lea). The Peruvian Inquisition had taken place in the seventeenth century. visual perception that the sociopolitical environment of Peru revolved around religious affairs at the time, it is not surprising that the Christian, Peruvian artists started a new art movement the Cusco School to create religious art in particular (Bennett). As a matter of fact, the Wedding of Mary and Joseph is a perfect example of Cusco art. The Cusco School happens to be the largest movement of art in the Peruvian art history.The movem ent was represented by mestizo painters and sculptors who produced countless depictions of religious figures adorned in gold (Bennett). The Spanish colonizers had use religious art to teach Christianity to the New World. Subsequently, the native artists of Peru had begun to meld European art with their local style and tradition (Bennett). So, while the figures of Mary and Joseph in the Peruvian painting reveal European, Christian influence on the Peruvian artist the flowers and long tailed birds of Peru scattered on the ground show that the artist continues to contend his land despite colonization.The golden halos of the bride and the bridegroom are, of course, the signature of the Cusco School. Hence, the painting, Wedding of Mary and Joseph, reveals itself as an excellent tool to understand the culture of Peru with respect to Spanish colonization. By discovering more about the conditions of the artists time, history of the Americas may also be studied in great depth. Moreover, t his painting helps viewers to appreciate how artists are influenced by their environments and the times. Acrobats At The Cirque FernandoProduced in another place and time altogether, renowned Parisian painter, Pierre-Auguste Renoirs Acrobats At The Cirque Fernando (1879) shows two real girls, intimately probably between twelve and fifteen years of age, taking turns to perform their act at the circus (Mancoff). The facial and bodily expressions of the girls and their onlookers are open to any number of interpretations. One of the young girls is carrying balls around her chest while the other is communicating with the audience as part of her act. The girl who is communicating with the audience has a questioning, innocent expression on her spunk.The one who is carrying balls is possibly waiting for her turn to perform. She, too, is innocent and fresh in appearance as the other. However, she seems to be dwelling on her new experiences of semi-adulthood. Perhaps she is musing on the bo ys in her life the young men who admire her very much. The audience depicted in the painting, behind the bodies of the two young girls, appears to consist of men alone after all. The men appear like judges, in their black coats, giving them the semblance of uniformed officers.Only one of the men has his face visible through the painting, and the face is hard enough for the girls to display their innocence in all its glory with the assumption that the counterpart of a harsh and doubtful attitude must be softness. Although the girl carrying the balls has her back turned toward the hard faced man, she knows that she too would have to perform. The expressions of the male and the females in Renoirs Acrobats At The Cirque Fernando are rather similar to the expressions of the two sexes depicted in many of the artists works of the time.The woman is seen as the adore and innocent fair game that performs, even though the man is hard faced, perhaps weary of the work that he performs to fend for his family day after day. The woman is the amuser, the muse, and the object of entertainment to fend for. After all, she is beautiful (Norfleet). The only beautiful facet of the man is that he is strong in Renoirs paintings, at least. What is more, the man is everlastingly staring at the woman in Renoirs works. He fondles her whenever he has the chance.The woman remains faithful to him this is depicted through the innocence on her face. If she becomes untrusty she knows that the hard faced man would discontinue supporting her. The French word for thank you is merci, which, if used in English, perfectly describes the attitude of the woman in late nineteenth century Paris. Although Paris was one of the first places in the west where women were generally believed to have been liberated, Renoirs painting reveals that the women were definitely not liberated through promiscuity or debauchery.Rather, the urban Parisian women in the late nineteenth century seem to have been given pe rmission by their men to be out and about, entertaining them, while remaining faithful to their innocence as well as their marital vows (Norfleet). As the facial expression of the young girl carrying the balls in Renoirs Acrobats At The Cirque Fernando reveals women understood their position in Parisian society even as they were aware that men and women are evenly dependent on each other. Then again, the painting remains open to numberless sociological interpretations.Figure of a Mother Holding a Child As our analysis of Renoirs painting shows, it is possible to understand the situational context of a painting in any number of ways. Sociologists and historians may be more interested in discovering the history of society in a block of time. If psychoanalysts were to join in, there would be various intricacies of the human mind revealed through artworks. On that note, Figure of a Mother Holding a Child is a very interesting sculpture because there are multiple ways of understanding its import.On one hand, the sculpture is a perfect depiction of the pain of starvation that the African people have been experiencing for a long time, and that nobody removed of Africa has done anything consequential about despite the fact that the entire world discusses it. On the other hand, it represents a ritual that the Lulua tribe of the Democratic republic of congo had practiced for its own survival (Figure of a Mother Holding a Child). The sculpture is that of a skinny, African female with an infant in her arms.The womans head is larger than her body. The bone lines on her neck are particularly telling. Even so, the bone lines on her neck and the wrinkles on her face had actually been created by the artist to show that the Lulua peoples had used scarification to adorn their bodies (Lulua Tribe Democratic Republic of Congo Figure of a Mother Holding a Child). Indeed, it is scarification that adorns the woman carrying the infant. Just the same the viewer is made to feel so rry for the woman and her child because they appear extremely poor.Made with wood and grunter alloy, the woman in the sculpture has bulging eyes and a pointed home base (Figure of a Mother Holding a Child). According to the Brooklyn Museum, the base was most probably thrust into a pot containing earth and various bishimba, or materials of mineral, plant, animal, or human origin endowed with protective powers (Figure of a Mother Holding a Child). In actuality, the sculpture had been created for a Lulua woman who had experienced difficulties in childbirth.The Lulua people believed that it was the evil spirit which interrupted the process of childbirth for women. So that the woman would attract the ancestral spirit of the Lulua tribe and get rid of the evil spirit, the artist gave her the sculpture to care for until delivery. The bulging eyes of the sculpture reveal that the woman is aware of the influence of the evil spirit that is stopping her from becoming a mother (Lulua Tribe) . The Lulua peoples had migrated from western Africa to the Democratic Republic of Congo during the eighteenth century.These people lived in small regional chiefdoms, and therefore formed closely knit communities (Lulua Tribe). Because they were immigrants, they were rather concerned about their continuity. Moreover, the Lulua people believed that their sculptures had to be created for religious reasons (Lulua Tribe). The Lulua artists who created sculptures such as the Figure of a Mother Holding a Child must have had faith that they were carrying out their moral duty toward their own people. Indeed, the religious values of the Lulua people were guarded by their art.Sculptures of females were quite popular among them, as these figures exemplified the union of physical and moral embellish (Figurative Sculpture). The Lulua people believed in equating proper behavior with physical beauty (Figurative Sculpture). It can be inferred that the Figure of a Mother Holding a Child and all ot her sculptures created for the same reason were reminders for the Lulua people that the human body cannot be separated from morality. This principle is distinctly exemplified by the bond between mother and child. ConclusionWe focused on the political conditions surrounding the artist of Wedding of Mary and Joseph. Societal context of Renoirs painting, Acrobats At The Cirque Fernando, was explored with a brief overview of gender relations in 19th century Paris. This study may have been conducted with historical information gleaned through novels, too. Finally, the cultural context of Figure of a Mother Holding a Child was explored. Although this discussion was centered on political, societal and cultural contexts of three works of art, it was clarified as part of the discussion that an artwork may be appreciated in any number of ways.There are countless theories and unlimited stories about the history of mankind. What is more, every piece of artwork tells a tale about the space and time of its artist alone. The work lives on as students of art and historians delve into paintings over and again. Any number of assumptions could be made about the situational context of an artwork thus. Perhaps, therefore, it is reasonable to state that a work of art has as many minds as interpreters as the number of people that consider the artwork through the passage of time. Moreover, only assumptions can be made about the situational context of an artwork.History is best left to those that lived it. After all, we only make educated guesses about what people of the past lived through to gather useful information for our lives in the present. Works Cited Bennett, Caroline. Art and Architecture. Viva Travel Guides. 11 Nov 2008. . Figurative Sculpture. Central African Art. 11 Nov 2008. . Figure of a Mother Holding a Child. Brooklyn Museum Collections African Art. 11 Nov2008. . Lea, Henry C. Inquisition in 17th Century Peru Cases of Portuguese Judaizers. Modern History Sourceb ook. 11 Nov 2008. . Lulua Tribe Democratic Republic of Congo. For African Art. 2006. 11 Nov 2008. . Mancoff, Debra N. Paintings by Pierre-Auguste Renoir. How Stuff Works. 2008. 11 Nov 2008. .

Your Future Position – Your Ceo Philosophies

1. How would you use the Strategic Planning Model to approach post-graduation identification and securing of the roughly promising position? 0r does the Strategic Planning Model stifle or enhance the strategic creativity of strong, direct individuals? I would use the strategic training model very similar as I would if I were using it for a business planning tool. The only difference would be a lean deviation on the objectives. Instead of being a corporate objective, I would cut that down into smaller categories and identify how it would benefit me while still being considered a great asset to the participation.In the end, I would compare and contrast my findings. See below. 1. ) Step 1 Prepare for planning (overall strategy for all opportunities) Decide what take to be looked at, what highlights I have, what opportunities are available and locations. Who should be involved? fix all expectations. 2. ) Step 2 Vision for employment (overall strategy for all opportunities) Defin e the perfect or ideal position. 3. ) Step 3 SWOT (need to do for each independent opportunity) 360 scan of each comp all where employment has potential. Where are the strengths and weaknesses of the comp any?Where are the threats? Is there potential to move up the ladder? Look at external and internal (if available) factors. Research beforehand, ask during interview. 4. ) Step 4 mise en scene (need to do for each independent opportunity) What is the area like? Is the community economically stable or not? Is the town/city the company is located in growing. What provide the commuting time be like? Research before, ask during interview. 5. ) Step 5 Mission (need to do for each independent opportunity) Does the mission tale of the company or department align with my face-to-face coatings.Can I see myself delivering on the criteria the statement is giving to its consumers? Research before, ask during interview. 6. ) Step 6 worry Statement (need to do for each independent oppor tunity) Issues discovered from step 4. Indicate reaction to those roadblocks. Is the company private or public and are there any financial constraints that could hinder growth for the company or its employees. Research before, ask during interview. 7. ) Step 7 Strategies (need to do for each independent opportunity) If there are any problems, how will I go around them to resolve? Is it something I can face head on?For employee strategies, who is the target client? What will be the antecedence topic once employment takes place? How can I fulfill it? Research before, ask during interview. Look at other items such as pass time, benefits, and other fringe benefits. 8. ) Step 8 Goals (overall strategy for all opportunities) Define what my short and long term overall employment goals will be. Be certainly to match up with what the company can offer. 9. ) Step 9 Objectives (overall strategy for all opportunities and adjust if/when necessary) Similar to the goal, identify individual targets within each goal and provide a timeline snapshot.What do I want my efforts at this company to result in on a short term? 10. ) Step 10 Action Plan (overall strategy for all opportunities) Organize the plan into smaller action plans for each objective. Build in status reviews/updates. Translate the actions into job descriptions and personal performance. Communicate with follow ups. Document all efforts including meetings with potential employers. Integrate the goal and objectives of myself with the goals and objectives of the company. 11. ) Step 11 Evaluate (overall strategy for all opportunities) Evaluate the plan before I implement.Evaluate each employment opportunity as they arise. After offers are received, pick the best opportunity. 2. Prepare your version of a mission statement for Cleary University. investing in your future We strive to be a business education leader by providing a thorough and rigorous academic schedule that matches what is see in the real busines s world. 3. Which basic philosophies would you adopt as the chief executive of a major corporation (identify and explain)? relaxation/Clarity/Honesty, Improvement, Discretion Simplicity/Clarity/Honesty This theory pertains to internal and external factors.In this case, Im speaking of internal factors. If the business team openly talks whether its on an independent level or in a group setting, the team can manifest ideas to help the business stay competitive. Improvement Since the company will be openly speaking with each other about various topics, by doing so, they can create new products or services, reduce redundancy in office procedures (creating more time for other things), or just enhance things. Discretion Keep business matters private. Only discuss information about finance with the appropriate people.Keep HR issues with HR, etc. etc. If topics are contained to the appropriate areas, then the risk of over exposure to the wrong areas will be contained. 4. How might Clear y University devote sustainability? Cleary University could practice sustainability by going green, which they have implemented already. Also, they couple try and incorporate some of the principles into various business decisions. Try to make it a familiar practice to do so. They can also continuously support initiatives (green, for example) throughout the community.

Night of the tempest

It was approaching mid darkness on a warm winter night, rare in medieval England, with the moon halfway on its journey towards fullness. Rarer facilitate was the tempest, an approaching storm that brought howling winds, crackling light flairs and ear piercing thunder to the winter night sky. Isadore had never seen a thunder storm in the winter. She had only heard tell of it once, the year before her birth 23 years ago. Each bolt of lightning combined with the moonlight that peeked through the winter clouds to reveal strange shadows lurking everywhere in the darkness around every corner, behind each tree, jumping all at once from under each large rock.Isadore was approaching her uncles home, a large, frightening and imposing structure in appearance with high arches, several towers and a funereal allure. She wanted nothing more than to be snug, warm and comfortable under the covers of a nice, soft bed. Despite its outward appearance, Isadore had heard that inside, the house was act ually preferably warm, inviting and comfortable. It was not the dcor, but the atmospheric state inside and surrounding the outside of the house that brought bewilderment and fear.Once a house of horrors, the air of past events in brinks its walls had never gone away but hung ominously in the air bid an omen of future misgivings. They lingered inside like the fearsome shadows she now perceive outside. During its 120 years of existence, the house had been the scene of grotesque tortures, hideous punishments and cruel, mysterious deaths. Now, as Isadore approached the house, a trembling in her soul, she had to love, Was this rare, strange winter thunderstorm the venture of impending disaster and doom?As Isadore approached the gated house in her coach, she could not help but wonder what the storm might signal, if anything. Each bolt of lightning highlighted the duomo arches and high towers of the house, and as her coach drew tight fittinger to the gloomy exterior of the house, the tempest grew stronger, the winds howled more intensely and the air grew thicker with an nimbus of horror and fear. Could the inside atmosphere be any more frightening than the cold, exterior atmosphere of the winter night.Despite the strange warmth of the winter night, the sense surrounding the abode was still cold, as if the cold exited the doors of the house and poured out into the surrounding countryside. Even in the distance, Isadore could see that the approaching storm was no where in the distance. It hung over the house like a cloud of evil. Indeed, the storm seemed to be forming there, and continued to grow in intensity over the house as Isadores coach drew closer to the gates.Upon its arriver at the front gate, the coachman announced, We have arrived My Lady. He got down, opened the door and assisted her out of her coach. She had no sooner stepped onto the ground when a bolt of lightning came from out of nowhere, afflicted a barren winter tree some few paces away and brought it tumbling towards the ground. Now startled and quite concerned, the incident sent a chill throughout Isadores soul, but not as much of a chill as what she saw next. A few moments by and by the tree struck the ground, the door of the abode opened and there, standing in the opening wasa man a frightening, hideous being.As this man stood in the archway, Isadore stared in horror. He r and fortunately, his voice was as pleasant as his appearance was hideous. It was almost mesmerizing. Then, as the wind howled with increasing vociferousness, he approached the gate to open it. Once he was near her, he asked for and received Isadores bags and assisted her through the gates and into the manor.Much to her relief, the inside decor was a appealing as she had heard, but the atmosphere was anything but. It was as if the atmosphere had stories to tell, strange and wonderful, yet frightening and macabre. When the door closed behind her, it slammed hard enough that its knocker actually s ounded as if someone was at the door. The man, merely a servant, asked Isadore to wait in the parlor while he fetched the master. I will take your bags to your room, My Lady, if that meets with your approval, and fetch the master.Thank you, that suits me fine. Then he left. Only an instant after he left, Isadore thought she noticed movement out of the corner of her eye. When she looked up, she saw the hem of a dress disappearing through the crack of a cloture door. Perhaps that is what it was, for as she stood there watching, the crack remained and the door never closed.Less than five minutes later, her uncle, the master, arrived, a young, handsome man perhaps in his archaean 30s, and greeted Isadore warmly. After a few moments of introductions and pleasantries, Isadore asked about the woman in the dress.Looking puzzled, the Master remarked, The woman in the dress? I dont understand. We are quite alone, sightly you, me and the servant you saw. Otherwise, the house is emptyexcept perhaps. He stopped there and said nothing more, so Isadore asked, Except perhaps what?Oh, nothing. II guess I was about to say except perhaps the howling wind outside. Its no concern. My servant will take you to your chamber.Dear sir, I wonderI dont mean anything by this, but would you mind accompanying me yourself? Your servant sends chills up my spine. Im sure he is a nice enough person. His voice is short mesmerizing, but otherwise, he is quite frightening.The master laughed and said, Oh yes, I guess I understand. Ive heard that remonstrate before. Just give me a moment or devil and I will accommodate you. Tomorrow others like you will arrive and there will be more servants as well. If you see anything in the slowdown itsits just your imagination playing tricks on you.Isadore thought to herself, What a strange comment. Why would he make such a comment? I was already frightened enough while outside. Was there something to fear within as well?

Critical Theory and the Middle East Essay

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Exploring Cultural anthropology Essay

Cultural difference(s) is one of the research topics that best suits for a cultural anthropologist to study. In my own perspective as a cultural anthropologist, cultural difference in the linked States of America is one of the topics I might propose to research. In the United States where the issue of racism is of most(prenominal) major concern among other races, the history of racial discrimination has passed down until today. Many races including Asians are discriminated with regards to services, priorities, socialization, and its laws.Although there are sufficient laws that suspend racial discrimination among other races, this issue will silence be in existence because of each cultural differences. This study may help in perceptiveness better cultural differences/racism where it is in existence in the whole and is at most splendour to international relations. Why would you choose this grow and topic for research? I chose the culture of United States since it has been the pretending of every other culture in the world.Many countries are instigated to pattern their country to the United States policy-making system, diversity in religion, economy, and culture and traditions. As a worlds sole superpower, its culture plays an grave role in maintaining its policy-making and economic power to the world. American sports in example, military tradition, and advancement in science, arts and in entertainment (Hollywood) these are the things that draws political and economic power to the United States. Its culture is of most interest by other countries in the world.With regards to racism, I chose this topic for the reason that, until today, the United States struggles in eliminating or otherwise minimized racial discrimination domestically. It is a human nature to treat other races superscript or inferior among them. It is of our interest the better ways if eliminate, prevent racial discrimination among others. The study of United States culture will let be tter understanding what it takes to be a charismatic country and a representation to the world.The study of racism will give better understanding how will we become habituate to other races (The Journal of American Culture, 2009). What do you hope to discover, accomplish, or address by analyze this culture? How could you prepare for culture shock? The culture of the United States through careful study would lay the entry how a developing will and/or a poor country rise to power, elevate their political and economic influence to developed countries, and improved their standard of living via instigating American culture.Im hoping to give details on different cultures, and address the needs of other people towards information dissemination. With regards to culture shock, studying culture may help in adjusting and/or adapt to culture differences. References The Journal of American Culture. American Family Traditions, (2009). American Family Traditions. Retrieved June 11, 2009 from a mericanfamilytraditions database.

Counselors as companions and Ethnics in human Services report Essay

From cataclysm to Triumph Counselor as Companion on the stars Journey By Richard W. Halstead The respectable standards for the sympathetic redevelopment professionals from the national organization of human service professionals.Some things that I believe that the guidance has learned from Steve are never say what a person with a disability cant do. excessively I think he learned that may impaired people tend to notion at being expression standardized everyone else instead of pushing toward a goal in behavior and becoming successful with it. Another thing that I think the counsel-at-law learned from Steve was that never measure anyone by the disability of a person, because they can accomplish anything in life that they put their minds to. Some of the counselors behaviors that may drop changed since persisting with Steve is that he learned that many people that have ascend in contact with a problem can everywherecome obstacles in many different steering and that n ever thing a person with a disability cant achieve something that he wants in life. Also after the talk with the psychiatrist, the counselor started using his thinking skills more.As it said in paragraph s stock-still on the second page of this article, The Psychiatrist had, unwittingly, provided me (The counselor) with what I thought might dispense to propel Steve to the next milestone on his journey. (Halstead Richard W. Pg2). It made the counselor want to encourage Steve even more to achieve his goal and prove the doctors wrong. I unfeignedly do think that the people I come in contact with change me in some way by making me really see what is going on with them and make me determine to help them overcome that obstacle in life.Also it makes me want to be there for them more to help them, because nobody should have to go through a problem alone. When you help someone in life like it says on page one of this article, the counselor had met Steve who was struggling to regain a life taken a way, the counselor was confronted with trying to understand his character reference in the process, and over time they both found their way through the problem. (Halstead, Richard W. Pg1).We as people in the human service airfield will have several different problems that we run in to with our clients and we have to use our critical thinking skill and our references that we have to help that person through their problems as healthful as learn from our work. Steve was changed as a result of this relationship by determining that being normal wasnt as important as achieving his goal of getting a college degree in his field that he had chosen. Everyone isnt normal and we should try to work towards being normal, we should try and work towards our goals just like Steve can to realize. Steve has benefited from this relationship tremendously with the help of the counselor and the principle of the college he was able to finish trail 5 years later, but he had his degree under his belt, as well as being offered a job writing and helping other people through their problems as well.One cultural issue that may lead me as a human service professional to review the ethical standards would be that a client is recently diagnosed with the HIV virus. He is very upset and crying his eyeball out wanting to commit suicide and threatens to kill the guy that he thinks gave it to him before he does. How I can resolve any ethical concerns is by looking in the ethical standards and look over what its say to do in a case like this, but on the other pass off try to calm the client down and give him as much support and help mandatory by weighing out the outcomes of the situation.Also I would look up something using my reference skills that could perchance ease him a little about the situation and make him think different. On the other authorise me as a psychologist I have to refer to the ethical standards for human services professions and take the stand. In the ethical sta ndards for human service professionals it states under statements three and four that me as a human service professionals have to keep the clients information confidential with others that, but have to breech the confidentiality of the client and consider want supervision because the client is trying to harm himself as well as others. The national organization of human services ethical standards are very important to follow as I begin to work with individuals, families, groups, and communities, because it will tell me what I need to do if I feel there is something that could take wander and how to go about doing it as well.References 1.Halstead, R. W. (2000). From Tragedy to Triumph Counselor as Companion on the Heros Journey. Counseling & Values, 44(2), 100. 2. National Organization of Human Service Professionals.Ethical Standards for the Human Service Professionals.Retrieved from http//www.nationalhumanservices.org/ethical-standards-for-hs-professionals.

Geography of Time Essay

The sixth chapter Where is Life Faster discusses differences between demeanor tempos in unalike polishs laborious to split in what culture life is the hurrying. The author writes that it is very interesting for him to compare one(a) culture to another because a lot of unknown facts contributing development of psychological studies will be identified. Authors coincidence focuses on time and speed of life. Cultural tempo is argued to affect the quality of human life.Nevertheless, it may be tricky to compare different cultures because labeling individuals should have scientific or psychological basis. It is necessary to go beyond the boundaries in order to measure the tempo of life with accuracy and objectivity. The author finds it interesting to compare index finger of speed in working theatrical role in different countries. However, the research has failed as the author demand to find observable jobs and workers should be residents of particular country. Research at gas sta tion has failed as well, because such(prenominal) businesses are not equivalent across countries.According to authors research, the fastest countries are japan and Western European countries. Western Europe has nine fastest countries and Japan is the only Asian countries with life tempo. The fist place in West Europe is given to Switzerland, whereas the second is given to Ireland. Ireland is characterized by the fastest walking speed, whereas Switzerland is characterized by the splendid findings. Surprisingly, New York hasnt gained the highest scores as round workers in office move very slowly.In contrast, the unhurried speed of life is observed in non-industrialized countries and it is the countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America. The slowest is claimed to be Brazil, Indonesia and Mexico. Daily life in these countries is very slow and Brazilians, for example, not only expected the free-and-easy approach of life, but had abandoned any semblance to of fidelity to the clock. (p. 136) In such a way the author shows that there are many ways to measure speed of life and the results shows that different cultures has their own life tempo.Further, the author compares Japan, the regular army and Western Europe to identify which of the countries is La Dolce Vita. ofttimes of European countries are characterized by opportunities to relax and in the pleasures of good life. Therefore, Levine suggests that La dolce Vita is easier for Europeans rather than for Asians and Africans. For example, Japanese work harder and have less time for relaxing. Europeans are claimed to live better than Americans. La Dolce Vita is welcomed in Italy as they try to balance hard work and leisure.It is necessary to underline that working week is yearlong in the USA than in most of European countries. However, Japan is characterized by the longest working week. For more(prenominal) than half a century the working week hasnt been changed and it is argued that time for leisure is decreas ing in the country and the nation has less time for themselves. In contrast, in Europe the tendency to work has been replaced by the tendency to relax. For example, without leisure workers in France are more irritating and nervous. Therefore, Western Europeans have more vacation time.For example, in France workers by law receive at least five weeks and often six weeks of paid vacation. (p. 143) When comparing countries examples of cultural differences are seen the most. However, speed of life varies across cities and regions of one country. It is true for the USA as well as the country is very large and each state has its own traditions and customs. The slightest geographic shifts are profound and for example, moving from Oklahoma to Texas is viewed as entering France, say, out of Switzerland.(p. 146) The author is willing to reveal whether there are differences between New York and other large cities. Research results demonstrate that Northeastern get together States is viewed as fast-spaced, whereas Californians are more relaxed. Boston and New York are the fastest cities in the country, whereas Los-Angeles is claimed to be one of the slowest in the country. One of the biggest challenges was to measure accurately walking speed as in some regions it was hard to find any walkers at all.

Dissolved Oxygen Essay

type O in Liquids (DISSOLVED OXYGEN)dissolve type O the amount of change state type O in a body of urine as an indication of the percentage point of the health of peeing and its ability to stand up a balanced aquatic ecosystem. Oxygen is a clear, colorless, odorless, and tasteless swash that dissolves in piddle. Small except important amounts of it be fade out in pee. OXYGEN Aquatic Life Depends on itPlants and Animals front on dissolve group O for survival. Lack of dissolved type O can bowel movement aquatic animals to leave cursorily they ar or face death. Factors Affecting Oxygen LevelsTemperatureRate of PhotosynthesisDegree of Light Penetration (turbidity & water depth)Degree of Water Turbulence or Wave actionThe amount of atomic number 8 utilize by respiration and decay of total enumerate Oxygen in the BalanceDissolved Oxygen takes that ar at 90% and 110% saturation level or high consistently considered healthy or good. If the Dissolved Oxygen are belo w 90%, there may be large amounts of type O regarding veridicals. What Is Dissolved Oxygen In Water?Dissolved type O in water is vital for subsurface life. It is what aquatic creatures need to breathe. why Is Dissolved Oxygen Important?Just as we need short letter to breathe, aquatic organisms need dissolved oxygen to respire. It is necessary for the survival of fish, invertebrates, bacteria, and underwater plants. How Is Dissolved Oxygen metrical?Dissolved oxygen submerging can be reported as milligrams per liter, parts per million, or as percent occupation saturation.Polarographic CellIt is very similar to the voltaic cubicle. However, the polarographic cell has devil noble-metal electrodes and requires a polarizing voltage to reduce the oxygen.The dissolved oxygen in the try diffuses through the membrane into the electrolyte, which commonly is an aqueous KC1 solution. If there is a constant polarizing voltage (usually 0.8 V) across the electrodes, the oxygen is re duced at the cathode, and the resulting flow rate How is proportional to the oxygen content of the electrolyte. This up-to-the-minute flow is notice as an indication of oxygen content. galvanic CellAll galvanic cells consist of an electrolyte and two electrodes (Figure 8.43c). The oxygen content of the electrolyte is equalized with that of the sample. The reaction is spontaneous no external voltage is applied. In this reaction, the cathode reduces the oxygen into hydroxide, thus releasing four electrons for each molecule of oxygen. These electrons cause a current flow through the electrolyte.. The magnitude of the current flow is in proportion to the oxygen concentration in the electrolyte.Flow through CellsIn the flow-through cells, the process sample stream is bubbled through the electrolyte. The oxygen concentration of the electrolyte is therefore in rest with the samples oxygen content, and the resulting ion current between the electrodes is part of this concentration. Thes e types of cells are usually provided with sampling consisting of (but not limited to) filtering and scrubbing components and flow, pressure, and temperature regulators.Thallium CellThallium cells are passably unique in their operating principle and cannot be classified into the category of either galvanic or polarographic cells. At the same season, they are of the electrochemical type. superstar thallium-electrode cell design is somewhat similar in appearance to the unit illustrated on Figure 8.43c except that it has no membrane or electrolyte. This cell has a thallium outer-ring electrode and an inner graphic symbol electrode. When oxygen contacts the thallium, the potential developed by the cell is a function ofthe thallous ion concentration at the face of the electrode, and the ion concentration is in proportion to the concentration of dissolved oxygen.Fluorescence-based SensorIn this case, a compound containing ruthenceium is immobilized in a gas-permeable matrix called a sol-gel. Sol-gels are very low-density, silica-based matrices suitable for immobilizing chemical compounds such as the ruthenium compound used in this mment technique. Effectively, the sol-gel is same to the membrane in a conventional DO sensor. Using fiber optics, exculpated from a light-emitting diode is transferred to the backside of the sol-gel coating. The emitted fluorescence is collected from the backside of the sol-gel with an different optical fiber and its saturation is bumped by photodiode. A simplified sensor design is shown in Figure 8.43g.If no oxygen is present, the enduringness of the emitted light lead be at its maximum value. If oxygen is present, the fluorescence result be quenched, and the emitted intensity will decrease.Twinkler TitrationThe Winkler Method is a technique used to measure dissolved oxygen in freshwater systems. Dissolved oxygen is used as an indicator of the health of a water body, where higher dissolved oxygen concentrations are correlat ed with high productivity and little defilement.Temperature doPressure EffectsSalinity EffectsBiochemical Oxygen strike ( conformation)Biological Oxygen learn ( mannequin) is a measure of the oxygen used by microorganisms to dismantle this waste. If there is a large quantity of organic waste in the water supply, there will also be a lot of bacteriapresent working to decompose this waste. In this case, the demand for oxygen will be high (due to all the bacteria) so the form level will be high. As the waste is consumed or dispersed through the water, class levels will cause to decline.Biochemical oxygen demand ( haoma) is a measure for the quantity of oxygen required for the biodegradation of organic matter (carbonaceous demand) in water.It can also indicate the amount of oxygen used to oxidise reduced forms of due north (nitrogenous demand), unless their oxidization is prevented by an inhibitor. A test is used to measure the amount of oxygen consumed by these organisms durin g a specified period of time (usually 5 days at 20 C).ClassificationBOD is devided in two parts which is Carbonaceous Oxygen Demand and the Nitrogenous Oxygen Demand.Carbonaceous Oxygen Demand it is the amount of oxygen consumed by the microorganisms during decomposing carbohydrate material.Nitrogenous Oxygen Demand it is the amount of oxygen consumed by the microorganisms during decomposing nitrogenous materials.Relationship of DO and BODIf the Dissolve Oxygen (DO) of a water is high, the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)is low. If the BOD of the water is hight, the DO is low.Therefore DO and BOD is inversely Proportional to each different.Why we should need to know BOD?BOD bespeakly affects the amount of dissolved oxygen in rivers and streams. The greater the BOD, the more rapidly oxygen is depleted in the stream. This mover less oxygen is available to higher forms of aquatic life. The consequences of high BOD are the same as those for low dissolved oxygen aquatic organisms ext end stressed, suffocate, and die.Knowledge of oxygen utilization of a polluted water supply is important because1. It is the measure of the pollution ap floor, relative to oxygen utilization by other life in the water 2. It is the means for predicting progress of aerobic decomposition and the amount of self-purification taking place 3. It is the measure of the oxygen demand load removal efficiency by different treatment process.Factors that contributes to variations in BODThe SeedIs the bacterial burnish that affects the oxidization of materials in the sample. If the biologic root is not acclimated to the particular effluent, erroneous results are frequently obtained.pHThe BOD results are also greatly affected by the pH of the sample, especially if it is disgrace than 6.5 or higher than 8.3. In order to achieve uniform conditions, the sample should be buffered to a pH of some 7.TemperatureStandard test condition calls for a temperature of 20 C (68 F). field tests often requi re functioning at other temperatures and, consequently, the results tend to vary unless temperature corrections are applied.ToxicityThe front line of toxic materials may result add in the BOD value as a specific sample is dilluted for the BOD test.Consistent value may be obtained either by removing the toxic materials from the sample or By exploitation a seed that is compatible with the toxic material in the sample.Incubation TimeThe usual measuring lab test incubation time is 5 days, results may occur at a flat tire part or occur at a steeply rising portion.Depending on the type of seed and the type of oxidable material, divergent result can be expected.NitrificationIn the usual course BOD test, the oxygen consumption rises steeply at the beginning of the test owing to attack on carbohydrate materials. other sharp increase in oxygen utilization occurs sometime during 10th to 15th day in those samples containing nitrogenous materials.How we determine or measure BOD?Five-Day B OD ProcedureThe BOD test takes 5 days to complete and is performed using a dissolved oxygen test kit. The BOD level is heady by comparing the DO level of a water sample taken immediately with the DO level of a water sample that has been incubated in a dark location for 5 days. The disparity between the two DO levels represents the amount of oxygen required for the decomposition of any organic material in the sample and is a good approximation of the BOD level.Test procedures1. Take 2 samples of water2. Record the DO level (ppm) of one immediately using the method described in the dissolved oxygen test. 3. Place the second water sample in an incubator in complete nighttime at 20oC for 5days. If you dont have an incubator, wrap the water sample bottle in aluminium foil or black electrical tape and store in a dark place at room temperature (20 C or 68 F). 4. by and by 5 days, take another dissolved oxygen class period (ppm) using the dissolved oxygen test kit. 5. Subtract the Day 5 reading from the Day 1 reading to determine the BOD level. Record your final BOD result in ppm.NoteGenerally, when BOD levels are high, there is a decline in DO levels. This is because the demand for oxygen by the bacteria is high and they are taking that oxygen from the oxygen dissolved in the water. If there is no organic waste present in the water, there wont be as many bacteria present to decompose it and thus the BOD will tend to be lower and the DO level will tend to be higher. At high BOD levels, organisms such as macroinvertebrates that are more tolerant of lower dissolved oxygen may appear and become numerous. Organisms that need higher oxygen levels) will NOT survive.Extended BOD TestContinuation of BOD test beyond 5 days shows a continuing oxygen demand, with a sharp increase in BOD rate at the 10th day owing to nitrification. The latter process involves biological attack on nitrogenous organic material accompanied by an increase in BOD rate. The oxygen demand continue s at a uniform rate for an extended time.Manometric BOD TestIn the manometric procedure, the seeded sample is confined in a closed system that includes an appreciable amount of piece of cake . As the oxygen in the water is depleted, it is replenish by the gas phase. A jet hydroxide (KOH) absorber within the system removes any gaseous carbon dioxide generated by bacterial action. The oxygen removed from the air phase results in a drop in pressure that is that is removed with a manometer. This fall is then related to the BOD of the sample.Electrolysis System for BODThe measuring principle for all electrolytic respirometers is quite similar. As micro-organisms respire they use oxygen converting the organic carbon in the solution to CO2 gas, which is absorbed to alkali. This causes a reduction in the gas pressure, which can be sensed with various sensors or membranes. A lilliputian current is created in electrolysis cell and this generates oxidation/reduction reactions in the electro lysis cell and oxygen is formed at the anode.Electrolysis of water can supply oxygen to a closed system as incubation proceed . At constant current, the time during which electrolysis generates the oxygen to keep the system pressure constant is a direct measure of the oxygen demand. The amount of oxygen produced by the electrolysis correlates with the amount of oxygen consumed by bacteria.Chemical Oxygen Demand ( gain)Is the standard method for indirect criterions of the amount of pollution in a sample of water that cannot be oxidized biologically. Is based on the chemical decomposition of organic and inorganic contaminants, dissolved or suspended in water.Why Measure Chemical Oxygen Demand?It is often measured as a rapid indicator for organic pollutant in water. Normally measured in both municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants and gives an indication of the efficiency of the treatment process. It is measured on both incoming and effluent water.Standard Dichromate b adger ProcedureA sample is heated to its boiling point with known amounts of sulfuric acid and potassium dichromate. The loss of water is minimized by the reflux condenser.After 2 h, the solution is cooled, and the amount of dichromate that reacted with oxidizable material in the water sample is ascertain by titrating the excess potassium dichromate with ferrous sulfate. Dichromate consumed is calculated as to oxygen equivalent for the sample and stated as milligrams of oxygen per liter of sample (ml/l).Factors preventing the concordance of BOD values to crucify values Many organic materials are oxidizable by dichromate but not biochemically oxidizable, and vice versa. For example, pyridine, benzene, and ammonia are not attacked by the dichromate procedure. A number of inorganic substances such as sulfide, sulfites, thiosulfates, nitrites, and ferrous iron are oxidized by dichromate, creating an inorganic imbibe that is misleading when estimating the organic content of wastewater . Although the factor of seed acclimation will give erroneously low results on the BOD tests, COD results are not dependent on acclimation.Chlorides interfere with the COD depth psychology, and their effect must be minimized in order to obtain consistent results. The standard procedure provides for only a limited amount of chlorides in the sample. This is usually accomplished by diluting the sample to achieve a lower chloride concentration and interference. This can be a problem for low CODconcentration samples, as the dilution may unfold the COD concentration below the detection level or to levels at which accuracy and repeatability are poor.COD DetectorThe term COD usually refers to the laboratory dichromate oxidation procedure, although it has also been applied to other procedures that differ greatly from the dichromate method but which do involve chemical reaction. These methods have been substantiate in instruments both for manual operation in the laboratory and for automatic operation online. They have the explicit advantage of reducing analysis time from days (5-day BOD) and hours (dichromate, respirometer) to minutes.Automatic On-Line DesignsTakes a 5 cc sample from the flowing process stream.Injects it into the reflux chamber after mixing it together with dilution water (if any) agents. One ozone-based scheme enriches dilution water with and with two reagents dichromate solution and sulfuric acid. The reagents also contain an oxidation gun (silver sulfate) and a chemical that complexes chlorides in the solution (mercuric sulfate). The mixture is boiled at 302F (150C) by the heater. vapours are condensed by the cooling water in the reflux condenser. During which the dichromate ions are reduced to trivalent chromic ions, as the oxygen demanding organics are oxidized in the sample. The chromic ions give the solution a green color. The COD concentration is measured by detecting the amount of dichromate converted to chromic ions by measuring the intensi ty of the green color through a fiber-optic detector. The microprocessor-controlled package is available with automatic zeroing, calibration, and flushing features.Sampling and handed-down ParameterParameterLimit ValueSamplingpH, Standard Units6.0 9.0Traditional ParametersBiological Oxygen Demand (BOD) 30 ppmChemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 200 ppmCOD has a large value than BOD because BOD measurement is based only in decomposition of organic matter while COD measures the decomposition of both organic and Inorganic compound.Sources of ErrorCause of using nonhomogeneous sample is the largest error.Use of volumetric flasks and volumetric pipettes with a large bore. Oxidizing agent must be precisely measured.Make sure that the vials are clean and free of air bubbles.Always read the bottom of the meniscus at eye level. append Oxygen Demand ( unaccompanied)The quantitative measurement of the amount of oxygen used to burn the impurities in a mobile sample. Thus, it is a direct measure of the oxygen demand of the sample. Measurement is by continuous analysis of the concentration of oxygen in a combustion process gas effluent. A quantitative measurement of all oxidizable material in a sample water or wastewater as determined instrumentally by measuring the depletion of oxygen after high-temperature combustion. BOD and COD have long time cycles. COD use corrosive reagents with the inherent problem of disposal. Analysis is faster, approximately 3 min, and uses no liquid reagents in its analysis. Can be correlated to both COD and BOD.Unaffected by the presence of inorganic carbon.Also indicate noncarbonaceous materials that consume or contribute oxygen Since the actual measurement is oxygen consumption. Reflects the oxidation state of the chemical compound.TOD AnalyzerThe oxidizable components in a liquid sample adduce into the combustion tube are converted to their stable oxides by a reaction that disturbs the oxygen equilibrium in the holder gas steam. The momentary depletion in the oxygen concentration in the carrier gas is detected by an oxygen detector and recorded as a negative oxygen peak. warning ValvesSliding PlateUpon a signal from a cycle timer, the air actuator temporarily moves the valve to its sample cloy position. At the same time, an air-operated actuator moves a 20-ul sample through the valve into the combustion tube. A stream of oxygen-enriched nitrogen carrier gas moves the slug of sample into the combustion tube.Rotary Sampling ValveA motor continuously rotates a sampling head, which contains a built-in sampling syringe. For part of the time, the tip of the syringe is over a boulder clay that contains the flowing sample. 2 or more cam ramps along the rotational path cause the syringe frogman to rise and fall, thus rinsing the sample chamber. Just before the syringe reaches the combustion tube, it picks up a 20-ul sample. As it rotates over the combustion tube, it discharges the sample.Oxygen DetectorsPlatinum-lead Fuel Cell Fuel Cell Generates a current in proportion to the oxygen content of the carrier gas passing through it. Before first appearance the cell, the gas is scrubbed in a potassium hydroxide solution, both to remove acid gases and other harmful combustion products to humidify the gas. The oxygen cell and the scrubber are located in a temperature-controlled compartment. The fuel cell output is monitored and zeroed to provide a constant baseline. The output peaks are linearly proportionate to the reduced concentration of oxygen in the carrier gas as a result of the samples TOD. Yttrium-doped Zirconium Oxide Ceramic TubeCoated on both sides with a porous point of platinum. It is maintained at an elevated temperature and also provides an output that represents the reduction in oxygen concentration in the carrier gas that is a result of the samples TOD. The operation of these oxygen detectors involves the ionization of oxygen in both a sample and a known reference gas stream. When the sampl e and reference gas streams come in contact with the electrode surfaces, oxygen ionizes into O-2 ions.The oxygen ion concentrations in each stream is a function of the partial pressure of oxygen in the stream. The potential at each electrode will depend on the partial pressure of oxygen in the gas stream. The electrode with higher potential (higher oxygen concentration) will generate oxygen ions, whereas the electrode with lower potential (lower oxygen concentration) will convert oxygen ions to oxygen molecules. standardizationAnalysis is by comparison of peak heights or areas to a standard calibration curve. To fix this curve, known TOD concentrations of a primary standard (KHP) are prepared in distilled and deionized water. Standard solutions are stable for several weeks at room temperature. Water solutions of other organic compounds can also be used as standards.Several analyses can be made at each calibration concentration, and the resulting entropy are recorded as parts per million (ppm) TOD vs. peak height or area.Applicationscorrelation coefficientMany regulatory agencies recognize as the basis for oxygen-depleting pollution control only BOD or COD (preferably BOD) measurements of pollution load, because they are concerned with the pollution load on receiving waters, which is related to lowering the DO due to bacterial activity. If other methods described are to be used to satisfy legal requirements of pollution load in effluents or to measure BOD removal, it is important to establish a correlation between the other methods and BOD or COD (preferably BOD).Salient Featuresa measurement of property of the sample, i.e. the amount of oxygen required for bacterial oxidation of bacterial food in the water, the BOD dependence of the oxygen demand on the nature of the food as well as on its quantity dependence of the oxygen demand on the nature and amount of the bacteriaAnother extensive study concluded the spare-time activity(1) A reliable statistical corr elation between BOD and COD of a wastewater and its alike TOD can frequently be achieved, particularly when the organic strength is high and the diversity in dissolved organic constituents is low. (2) The relationship is best described by a least squares regression with the degree of fit expressed by the correlation coefficient (3) The observed correspondence of COD-TOD was better than that of COD-BOD for the wastewaters. (4) The BOD-COD ratio of an untreated wastewater is indicative of the biological treatment possible with the particular wastewater. ComparisonCOMPARISONBODCODTODDefinitionThe oxygen required when a population of bacteria causes the oxidation reaction in a population of bacteria.The oxygen equivalent when the oxidation is carried out with a chemical oxidizing reagent such as potassium dichromate.The oxygen equivalent when oxidation is caused by heating the sample in a furnace in the presence of a catalyst and oxygen.AnalyzerUtilize bacteria to oxidize the pollutant sMeasured through chemical oxidation and catalytic combustion techniquesOxidize the sample in a catalyzed thermal combustion process and detect both the organic and inorganic impurities in a sampleResponse-Range5 days 30 mg/L2 hours 250-500 ppm3 minutes 100-100,000 mg/LInaccuracy-Cost3 20% / $500 $20,0002 10% / $8,00 $20,0002 5% / $5,000 $20,000

Harvard MBA admission essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Harvard MBA admission essays - Essay ExampleAlthough I was successful in make outting standards on paper however, creation of a practical roadmap was something that made me inspect further.Since Saudi Arabia has neither unions nor work councils, I seized at the opportunity to mold the new Organization rectitude department into a platform as an internal employee work council, as well as an go-between between the company and employees. After conducting employee interviews, reading extensive P&G archives on performance management, and seeking out thought leadership resources, I designed a completely new clay for mobilizing and motivating human assets. Not only did strategy of unifying workers and developing a more-positive working environs pay off however, also my approach to Organization Excellence touched off productivity gains passim the P&G facility. During a short period of two years, I facilitated the department in its expansion, and it set indexed performance and rising job satisfaction standards throughout the organization. P&G sites across Saudi Arabia, the philia East and beyond are now replicating my model, and subsequently, the companys reputation, in terms of its human resources management, has also strengthened dramatically, and good-natured Saudi Arabias Employer of the Year Award is just an example of the accomplishment.After completion of the top-to-bottom redesigning of Rewards and Recognition inducement system, it was an understanding that the system was transforming into a global benchmark for P&G sites worldwide. For this reason, my inspiration originate in from identifying performance gaps, and at that time, during the training of 350 employees on P&G success drivers and another batch on High Performance Organizations Overviews, I felt strongly that everyone should be able to take ownership opening and feel valuation of their contribution. Simultaneously, I sought to transform trainings from a passive information transfer to an int eractive experience