The San Francisco Earthquake Of 1906 - Free Essay Example

Its 5:12 AM, April 18, 1906. Extremely loud low pitched rumbling wakes many people up from their sleep. This rumbling sound was caused by the Pacific and American Tectonic plates scraping along each other at the San Andreas fault. A shock suddenly hits San Francisco, and it shakes the ground for 45 seconds. Another tremblor 8.3 on the Richter Scale 0 hits for another 25 seconds. Chaos reigned the streets of San Francisco. Later,   4.7 square miles would be destroyed, 225,000 people would go homeless, over 3,000 people died, and 28,000 buildings were destroyed(The San Francisco Earthquake and Fire,1). While the San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 destroyed thousands of buildings and was one of the greatest tragedies of the United States, it affected the world positively through a social and technological change while tragically destroying a whole city and its economy. Because the San Francisco earthquake affected the city economically by damaging many things to make rebuilding cost a lot, technologically by inspiring new building codes and causing a newly built, better San Francisco, and socially by making much of the population come together and help each other through the people lost almost everything they ha d.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1906, San Francisco was built mostly on fill dirt dumped into the bay, which was extremely unstable. Terrible building codes and wooden buildings caused the fire to spread rapidly and kill many people trapped in buildings. Tectonic plates rubbing against each other caused the San Andreas Fault to rupture for 280 miles. This rupture started 200 miles north of the city and sped along south at the speed of 2 miles per second, and the land at the fault moved as much as twelve feet.   Based on information known about the 1906 earthquake, today, scientists have rated it an intensity of IX on the Mercalli scale, developed by Giuseppe Mercalli in the early 20th century, around the time of the earthquake. On the Richter scale, created by Seismologist Dr. Charles Richter Proposed a scale that measures the earths magnitude, or how much energy something releases, the earthquake was rated at 8.3(Chippendale, 31).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 had a significant impact socially by bringing people to work together. Because of many people becoming homeless and being killed, the population of San Francisco had to work together to improve conditions. Dan Kurzman shows what conditions were like and how people interacted when he says talks about over how 200,000 people became homeless, living in tents, and cooking meals with grass. He explains that the refugees would get food that was provided by relief groups, and these lines for blocks. Everybody shared food, utensils, stoves, pots, pans, and many other essential items(223). Even though the people were in a bad situation, they came together to create a better environment aside from all the devastation. Though the San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 was helpful in making teamwork happen, still many people lost everything they had. The San Francisco Chronicle reports from a day afterward how badly the earthquake impac ted the people socially when it talks about thousands of people making their way to Golden Gate Park to find refuge from the fire. Many people also went back to the city to salvage what they could from the remains of the city. Lastly, it reports how at least 500 people were dead at the time, and that Confusion Reigned(Earthquake and Fire; San Francisco in Ruins 1). Many people were impacted negatively by the earthquake, being killed and losing everything they had. The San Francisco Earthquake impact the people socially by devastating them, but also by bringing them together to improve conditions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 impacted the world technologically by improving building methods. For example, Louise Chipley shows this when she says, A [new] 74-mile long water-main system was redesigned to make it easier to shut off water to earthquake damaged parts of the city(105). The downfall of the city made other earthquakes much safer and influenced other cities. Many new building codes were created after the earthquake to prevent such a disaster from happening. Mitchell Earth Sciences talks generally about this when they state, At the time of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, many California municipalities had building codes, but none considered seismic effects. Not surprisingly, the 1906 earthquake sparked discussion of improving earthquake engineering design and incorporating those improvements in regulatory codes. Professional organizations, particularly the Seismological Society of America, which formed in 1906, and later, the Structu ral Engineers Association of California, were persistent advocates of code provisions for earthquake-resistant construction(1). The earthquake helped a lot of people to create new building codes to influence the world and make San Francisco much safer from before. Through these actions after the earthquake, San Francisco influenced many other cities to have much better protection against earthquakes with a great impact technologically.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 was very significant economically tragically but with lots of help from other cities, countries, and people, San Francisco rose from the ashes to become a greater city than ever before. The earthquake had a huge impact economically on people losing everything they had and having to recover. For example, Sydney Tyler explains this well when she talked about many people, rich or poor, lost almost everything. H.W. Crocker, President of Crocker National Bank lost 7.5 million dollars to the earthquake and its intensity. Also, insurance wouldnt cover peoples losses because they themselves also lost a lot of money(299). The earthquake caused so much devastation that many people lost everything they had which made a lot of chaos and turmoil throughout the city. The rebuilding cost a lot, but many people and organizations supported the rebuilding. For example, Chippendale proves how the government helped a lot of banks, and the city when she states, The U.S. Mint provided a steady source of cash until the banks could recover, and mechanisms for receiving goods were in places(187). Though many people were destroyed, economically, the city of San Francisco came back better than ever.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some may think that instead of this disaster coming out at the end as a triumph, the disaster stayed as a huge tragedy and people back then didnt learn their lesson. This may be true because in some instances, such as filling the bay with fill dirt which is unstable ground that collapses easily made with dirt, and after 1906, rubble, were repeated to make the 1989 earthquake have the same effects as before. This may be true, but there are many more triumphs with people helping each other and rebuilding still many things better, than the tragedies of the economy or some hurried building of the city.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Though the San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 was one of the greatest tragedies of the United States when tragically destroying a whole city and its economy by making rebuilding cost a lot, it affected the world positively socially by making the population come together and technologically through inspiring a newly built better San Francisco. The earthquakes short term impact was killing thousands, making many people homeless, and destroying 504 blocks of San Francisco. Though tragic, these events set up a triumph in the long term impact. Within days, San Francisco was up and running, with new buildings being created and rubble being cleared as quickly as possible. Also new fire training was deployed, and new building codes were created. This all added up to San Francisco back up as one of the greatest cities in the west yet again. These events also lessened the effect of the 1989 earthquake Loma Prieta, though there were still some lessons not learned. Tho ugh the San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 was a great tragedy, at the end, however, it resulted in a triumph by improving the city so it would become one of the leading cities of the west.

Copper Facts Chemical and Physical Properties

Copper is a well-known element because of its distinctive reddish metallic color and because it occurs in pure form in daily life. Here is a collection of facts about this beautiful transition metal: Fast Facts: Copper Element Symbol: CuAtomic Number: 29Atomic Weight: 63.546Appearance: Reddish-orange solid metalGroup: Group 11 (transition metal)Period: Period 4Discovery: Middle East (9000 BC) Essential Copper Facts Atomic Number: The atomic number for copper is 29, which means every copper atom contains 29 protons. Symbol: Cu (from Latin: cuprum) Atomic Weight: 63.546 Discovery: Copper has been known since prehistoric time. It has been mined for more than 5000 years. Mankind has used the metal since at least 9000 BC in the Middle East. A copper pendant dated to 8700 BC was found in Iraq. Scientists believe only iron from meteorites and gold were used by people earlier than copper. Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s1 3d10 Word Origin: Latin cuprum: from the isle of Cyprus, which is famed for its copper mines and Old English coper and copper. The modern name copper first came into use around 1530. Properties: Copper has a melting point of 1083.4 /- 0.2Â °C, boiling point of 2567Â °C, specific gravity of 8.96 (20Â °C), with a valence of 1 or 2. Copper is reddish colored and takes a bright metallic luster. It is malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of electricity and heat. It is second only to silver as an electrical conductor. Uses: Copper is widely used in the electrical industry. In addition to many other uses, copper is used in plumbing and for cookware. Brass and bronze are two important copper alloys. Copper compounds are toxic to invertebrates and are used as algicides and pesticides. Copper compounds are used in analytical chemistry, as in the use of Fehlings solution to test for sugar. American coins contain copper. Sources: Sometimes copper appears in its native state. It is found in many minerals, including malachite, cuprite, bornite, azurite, and chalcopyrite. Copper ore deposits are known in North America, South America, and Africa. Copper is obtained by smelting, leaching, and electrolysis of the copper sulfides, oxides, and carbonates. Copper is commercially available at a purity of 99.999 %. Element Classification: Transition Metal Isotopes: There are 28 known isotopes of copper ranging from Cu-53 to Cu-80. There are two stable isotopes: Cu-63 (69.15% abundance) and Cu-65 (30.85% abundance). Copper Physical Data Density (g/cc): 8.96 Melting Point (K): 1356.6 Boiling Point (K): 2840 Appearance: Malleable, ductile, reddish-brown metal Atomic Radius (pm): 128 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 7.1 Covalent Radius (pm): 117 Ionic Radius: 72 (2e) 96 (1e) Specific Heat (20Â °C J/g mol): 0.385 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 13.01 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 304.6 Debye Temperature (K): 315.00 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.90 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 745.0 Oxidation States: 2, 1 Lattice Structure: Face-Centered Cubic Lattice Constant (Ã…): 3.610 CAS Registry Number: 7440-50-8 Copper Trivia Copper has been used since ancient times. Historians even call the period of time between the Neolithic and Bronze Ages the Copper Age.Copper(I) burns blue in a flame test.Copper(II) burns green in a flame test.Coppers atomic symbol Cu is derived from the Latin term cuprum meaning metal of Cyprus.Copper sulfate compounds are used to prevent fungus and algae growth in standing water supplies such as ponds and fountains.Copper is a red-orange metal that darkens to a brown color as it is exposed to air. If it is exposed to air and water, it will form a verdigris of blue-green.Copper has an abundance of 80 parts per million in the Earths crust.Copper has an abundance of 2.5 x 10-4 mg/L in sea water.Copper sheets were added to the bottom of ships to prevent biofouling where seaweed, assorted other greenery and barnacles would cling to ships and slow them down. Today, copper is mixed into the paint used to paint the underside of ships. Sources Hammond, C. R. (2004). The Elements, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (81st ed.). CRC press. ISBN 0-8493-0485-7. Kim, BE. Mechanisms for copper acquisition, distribution and regulation. Nat Chem Biol., T. Nevitt, DJ Thiele, National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, March 2008, Bethesda MD. Massaro, Edward J., ed. (2002). Handbook of Copper Pharmacology and Toxicology. Humana Press. ISBN 0-89603-943-9. Smith, William F. Hashemi, Javad (2003). Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 223. ISBN 0-07-292194-3. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

Graduation Speech After Retirement Essay - 1216 Words

after retirement. That came from a combination of my consulting, a lump sum payment when Sarah retired, and interest / capital appreciation of our investments. Since retirement, we have not been saving any of our retirement income and in fact are depleting our savings paying IRA taxes. We probably can still keep the goal level even while contributing $6,000 a year to our kids requirement IRA because the principle is large enough that the interest income continues to mitigate the expenditures. Jacobus College Fund account distributions and kids IRA gifts will likely hold future growth consistent with the plan. My dream would be that our children would continue this approach, giving each succeeding generation a better net worth that they can pass on. Educational Goals When I was young I had not any educational goals. My father had not graduated from high school and I don’t remember him (or my mother) ever mentioning me going to college. And, as mentioned previously he spent my $3,000 life’s savings which would have put me through the University of Arizona. I was ambivalent about going to college when I graduated from high school, but I signed up in large part to stay out of the military and Vietnam. I had an interest in aviation and in making things so I signed up for Aerospace engineering. At that point I was working 20-25 hours a week to be able to afford the next semester’s tuition, gas for the Hillman, and occasional nights out which didn’t help my studies.Show MoreRelatedSummary : Love Is Never Silent Essay650 Words   |  3 PagesPatrakis, who usually gives whatever her family needs for free. In the middle Margaret graduates from high school and this is where her classmates, their parents and staff find out that her parents are deaf. Mr. Patrakis gives Margaret radio as a graduation gift, she is so excited that she brings it home, plugs it in and her dad seems to be interested and Margaret and her dad start to dance until her mom unplugs it to cook signing that the radio doesn’t belong. Margaret gets a job as a secretary andRead MoreAdolescence Is A Special Stage Of Development1685 Words   |  7 Pagesadulthood, lifestyle changes and responsibilities in middle adulthood, issues related to retirement planning, behavior and lifestyle in late adulthood, how to provide help to elderly persons, depression and suicide among old people, and hospice care for terminally ill individuals. Adulthood begins between the ages of 18 40. At the age of 18 teenagers become independence, by leaving the protective of parents, graduation from college, engaging in full time employmen t and become mature enough to face theRead More7-11 Case Study Essay1010 Words   |  5 Pages David Jetter graduated from college six years ago with a finance undergraduate degree. Although he is satisfied with his current job, his goal is to become an investment banker. He feels that an MBA degree would allow him to achieve his goal. After examining schools, he has narrowed his choice to either Prentice University or Mount Alliance College. Although internships are encouraged by both schools, to get class credit for the internship, no salary can be paid. Other than internships, neitherRead MoreAmerican Association Of University Women1377 Words   |  6 PagesPresident Obama signed the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act in January 2009. The Lily Ledbetter Act â€Å"amended the Civil Rights Act of 1964 so that unfair pay complaints can be filed within 180 days of a discriminatory paycheck—and that 180 days resets after each paycheck is issued.† (whitehouse.gov) Without the Paycheck Fairness Act, there’s not much that the Ledbetter Act can do. The Paycheck Fairness Act would â€Å"add procedural protections to the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and the Fair Labor Standards ActRead MoreThe Causes Of The Nursing Shortage1563 Words   |  7 Pagesmovement advocates that women shouldn’t be restricted to professions such as nursing or secretaries. They could engage in careers that would enhance their quality of life, and bring them worthy compensation. Unfortunately, the side effect of such speech was that women started to regard n ursing as an undistinguished profession. Women are entering law school, medical school, and the corporate world in droves instead. The change in the professional ideal of nursing acted like a snowball up to nowadaysRead MoreEssay Graduation Speech1491 Words   |  6 PagesAm I being trained and conditioned to work this hard after I graduate? Is this normal? Well, my fellow Graduates, because of the hard work and the abnormal lifestyle it took to acquire this degree, I learned that there is no such thing as a normal life, theres just life, with a tremendous amount of work to be done after we graduate, and yes the shaping, molding, guidance, training, and conditioning was our boot camp for life after graduation. So make sure we take the time to bask in our accomplishmentRead MoreThe Republic Of Singapore.1412 Words   |  6 Pagesthen Malaysian Prime Minister decided expulsion of Singapore. Lee Kuan Yew, who was regarded as a political leader, turned to be the first Prime Minister of Singapore, had kept being strongly influential in Singapore after his retirement, and probably will be influential even after his death in 2015, declared its independence from Malaysia. In 9th August 1965, Singapore then finally became the Republic of Singapore, an independent city state in Southeast Asia. As an independent state, Singapore isRead MoreUndocumented Immigrants Should Not Be A Citizen Of The United States1574 Words   |  7 Pagesstart of the twentieth century, these areas have been dependent on foreign workers to do those jobs (The Economic Benefits 178). Similarly, another challenge American businesses face is the aging American workforce, particularly due to the rapid retirement of the Baby Boomer generation. To maintain a balanced and stable workforce, American businesses must find younger workers, especially in manual labor jobs (Echevarria). That is why a complete over-haul of our current immigration system is necessaryRead MoreJustice Ruth Bader Ginsburg2646 Words   |  11 Pagesstayed home and took care of Ruth while she grew up. Cecilia made sure that Ruth worked diligently in school and taught her the value of hard work. Cecilia was diagnosed with cancer while Ruth was in high school and the day before her daughter’s graduation she passed away (Salokar Volcansek, 1996). One of the greatest influences on Ruth’s life was her mother and the values she instilled in her from a young age. Two of the greatest lessons that Ruth learned from her mother was to be independent andRead MoreIs College Education Worth It?19 24 Words   |  8 Pagescombined student debt for the country of over 1.2 trillion dollars the debate continues today. People who argue that college is not worth it, point to the crippling debt that some college graduates have which can delay graduates from saving for retirement or buying a house. They also say that everybody enrolling in college can have some unintended consequences and that many jobs, especially trade jobs, do not require a degree. People who say that a college education is worth it contend that college

Entrepreneurship Contribution and Operation with Integrity

Question: Discuss about theEntrepreneurshipfor Contribution and Operation with Integrity. Answer: Introduction As a group, we had the pleasure to interview an entrepreneur by name Tim. He has ventured in the property investment. He has always been driven by success; he was previously employed in skyles but got an opportunity to meet a person who was a multimillionaire who had invested more in the properties (Stevenson, Howard and Carlos, 2007). This individual introduced him to the industry and various ways of investing. In 2001, Tim started investing in properties; he had some knowledge because of his mentor and what he had learnt. [1]He further started investment in the land development in 2006, and what helped him in these ventures was acquiring the knowledge from the top development professional companies and learning on the different external cultures (Barringer, 2012). This individual was driven by success, and he started development companies in two places. What drove him was the need to be consistence, values and the difference he wanted to make. Moreover, his major attribute was inve sting in finance, training and helping individuals to make wealth. Contribution, operation with integrity, customer experience were his greatest strengths for the success. The ability recognition of what Tim posed was the ability to deliver, for instance, he was able to start a company and within 24 hours, it was operational. On the aspect of the working capital, he identified some individuals to pivot with and in return to offer a small shareholding on the company, consequently make sure the business was a success, the reason for this he did not want to put all his other investment into one area. Tim, was asked why he did not prefer bank lending as an alternative way of funding, and his thought on this was that in bank lending they required security of other assets, the business needed to be running for several years and if you do not pay they take your assets that was collateral. How Tim Managed and Dealt with the Challenges of a Growing Business In any new business provided it has the right kind of model, there would be a strong growth that will be exhibited. Nonetheless, there are challenges that may result as the business grows (Barringer 2012). One of the way to deal with the challenge, there is need to extract, secure and keep the right individuals. Throughout the years, Tim highlighted that he has used this as a way to solve on the problem. There is no need of throwing in the money to solve a given problem for example if a system has problem it is not good to just buy a new one, so that one is fulfilled. What has helped them is to look at the areas that are not doing well, for instance the cash flow or the employees output (Kuratko2016). This has been looking at the personnel and the talent each individual bring to the business and if in doubt they are replaced. Another way that has helped to solve the challenges of the growth is to take what is in offer. When the business is new, more often it has little stock to begin with, inadequate expertise on the operation of the business so it is advisable to take the offer at hand rather than what one is after. Theory Application Tim explained that when he started the business, he did not have a lot of knowledge just the advice from the mentor and what he learnt in regards to the property investment. [2]He realized that in any business, there is quiet strong growth, but there are challenges, which are exhibited such as the staff are less, the benefits are inadequate and an individual does not quite know what is happening due to inadequate knowledge they have (Drucker, 2014). There is need for the business to attract the right kind of people since this is goes in hand with the economy. Moreover, sometimes it is difficult to get good things for the business; one should take what is on offer (Garud, Raghu, Cynthia and Steve, 2013). Tim transition to the business success from the challenges there is need to invest in people especially the employees. His general manager is a lady who is just 25 years of age, but she has a wide range of experience on interacting with the customers (Shapero, Albert and Lisa Sokol, 1 982). Moreover, being the manager director of the company there is need to develop oneself by identifying what are his weaknesses and working on them to achieve the target. Engaging his success on investing on the employees aligns well with the findings of Joseph Schumpeters innovation theory, which stipulates that the entrepreneurs have three major characteristics these are innovation, foresight and creativity (Santos, 2012). He has found out that the employees are the key stakeholders in the business and investing in them is essentially the best practices that the business could adopt (Bosma and Jos Ernesto, 2014). Tim has adopted an evolved articulation on how to carry the business. On his notion there is need to be happy, and develop on the areas, one is not good at. Moreover, invest on methodological development, which entails helping others to discover themselves. Conclusion The assessment we carried out with the group found out Tim is an entrepreneur we based on various aspects. The reasons we found out is that one is the transition he has developed over the years. [3]First, he was previously employed in the financial planning and the wealth creation, but deep within him, he was driven by success wanted to make a difference in the world. He was given advice from a multimillionaire who had invested heavily in properties investment. He also got the zeal to venture in to this kind of investment. A good entrepreneur should be self-driven, a person who is committed, has integrity and want to make a difference globally. Tim exhibited all these attributes, which have driven him to be successful in the business ventured. According to him what makes a business to be successful, is investing in people. The general manager is a lady who is just 25 years of age and she head other business. This clearly shows she learnt early on the processes and operation of the bu siness. Tim is also articulate, in that he has learnt on the methodological development and the global economic cycles from the top economists. Bibliography Barringer, Bruce. Entrepreneurship: Successfully Launching New Ventures, (2012). 2012. Bosma, N. S., and Jos Ernesto Amors. "Global entrepreneurship monitor 2013 global report." (2014). Bygrave, William D. "The entrepreneurship paradigm (I): a philosophical look at its research methodologies." Entrepreneurship Theory and practice 14, no. 1 (1989): 7-26. Drucker, Peter. Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge, 2014. Garud, Raghu, Cynthia Hardy, and Steve Maguire. "Institutional entrepreneurship." In Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, pp. 1069-1074. Springer New York, 2013. Kuratko, Donald F. Entrepreneurship: Theory, process, and practice. Cengage Learning, 2016. Santos, Filipe M. "A positive theory of social entrepreneurship." Journal of business ethics 111, no. 3 (2012): 335-351. Shapero, Albert, and Lisa Sokol. "The social dimensions of entrepreneurship." Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship (1982): 72-90. Sharma, Pramodita, and Sankaran James J. Chrisman. "Toward a reconciliation of the definitional issues in the field of corporate entrepreneurship." In Entrepreneurship, pp. 83-103. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. Stevenson, Howard H., and J. Carlos Jarillo. "A paradigm of entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial management." In Entrepreneurship, pp. 155-170. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007.