The circumstances of globalization Essay Example

The conditions of globalization Essay Presentation Under the fortunes of globalization, the interest for high-caliber and high-speed interlingual versions has been expanding around the world. Fulfilling these requests may result of the expanding of clasp and cost for transcribers and interlingual version organizations. In this way how elevate the quality and productiveness with minimal effort is one of the occupations. So as to achieve the clasp and cost economy, the processing machine helped interlingual version ( CAT ) instruments is playing an of import work in interlingual interpretation industry. The CAT apparatuses empowering to cover the entire interlingual interpretation system at a clasp has been made and popularized by the phonetic correspondence industry in late decennaries ( Austermuhl, 2001 ) . Among interlingual interpretation devices, interlingual version memory ( TM ) frameworks are considered as the efficacious apparatuses because of expanding interlingual version productiveness by offering old interlingual version c onsequently ( Austermuhl, 2001 ) . Notwithstanding, there are various TM frameworks worldwide and which is the most strong may change relies upon single requests, for example, etymological correspondence framework or text types. This exposition will attempt to gauge two TM frameworks, SDL Trados Studio and Wordfast legitimate, by looking at every trait of operational maps. To think about and measure two TM frameworks, the build of TM frameworks, attributes of a few TM frameworks first will be clarified as foundation comprehension of the treatment in this exposition. We will compose a custom exposition test on The conditions of globalization explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on The conditions of globalization explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on The conditions of globalization explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The lineation of TM frameworks Interpretation memory is a database of multilingual writings which permit to capacity both the start and imprint text segments in simple and recovered similarity with the set measures ( Austermuhl 2001 refers to Expert Advisory Group on Language Engineering Standards, EAGLES ) . To be specific, the imprint text is principal separated into area units and put away in TM through interlingual interpretation strategy. These put away areas are accessible to be reused for the new interlingual interpretation undertaking. In the event that the segments put away in TM are totally coordinated or like the fresh start text, TM offers the old interlingual interpretations consequently to a transcriber. The transcriber can make up ones brain whether these offered interlingual versions ought to be acknowledged or non. Other than it is conceivable to change the old interlingual versions in TM through and after interlingual interpretation. Esselink ( 2000 ) calls attention to some impediment of TM as follows: The Final design of interpreted content is non shown until finishing the interlingual interpretation. In this case, editing after the interlingual version is required. A few employments may occur in TM course, especially in the example of multilingual endeavor. Reexamining TM after re-changed over into the first way is non accessible, viz. , so as to refresh TM, the made an interpretation of record is required to be changed over into TM s satisfactory configuration again. Time eating up because of the interest of progress overing the starting content into the proper organization for interlingual version. TM channel is non refreshed when the starting content is another record design. As an outcome, some understanding is required so as to be acknowledged. Changing the development of the content is non accessible inside passage. It is important to make the record channel rely upon the document group in the event that it is unique in relation to the default. Sing above references, he ( 2000 ) recommends that the stuff text ought to be inspected before interlingual version, and transcribers should make up ones brain whether to use TM, in light of the fact that in certain cases, deciphering without TM is more adequate than using TM framework. In the mean time, TM has perceived as adequate and efficient building for solid interlingual versions, especially capable or manual content which incorporate some resolute use of capable terminology ( Mitkov 2007 ) . This is to a great extent because of the effectivity against slice bringing down duplicative work and to increase the consistency of footings. For delineation, in the occurrence of the continuous interlingual version undertaking of the particular field, the TM is offered to the transcriber and the capable footings will be moved from TM precisely to the fresh start text. By this organizations, TM permits transcribers to partition the alone terminology utilized in the particular field and adds to keep the interlingual interpretation quality. The particular qualities of Wordfast Classic TM operational maps Wordfast Classic is characterized as a CAT instrument planned as a Microsoft Wordâ„ ¢ add-on. Its lightweight, adaptable development makes it simple to place in and use ( Wordfast 2010 ) . This CAT device includes some utile operational maps, for example, terminology bearing, bringing in sending out glossary and TM, papers change, examination and collusion ( Wordfast 2010 ) . Among the operational maps, some great qualities of Wordfast Classic will be clarified here. ITI Bulletin ( 2006 ) calls attention to that Wordfast Classic is easy to use, which can non just use to Word yet next to Power Point, Access and Excel records by connecting straight with Word application interface. It is other than perfect with other machine interlingual version plans, for example, PowerTranslatorâ„ ¢ and other CAT devices, for example, Trados, by change overing TM into another configuration which is suitable for a few arrangement and sending out it ( ITI Bulletin 2006 ) . Bringing in other TM to Wordfast is other than accessible ( ITI Bulletin 2006 ) . In add-on, arrangement map permits redacting the interlingual version put away in TM after interlingual interpretation. Since this CAT instrument is accessible of free download to have registering machine with certain limitations, the individuals who are sing to use this device can look for and break down how utile or non for them before paid enlistment ( ITI Bulletin 2006 ) . In the event that download PlusToolsâ„ ¢ and circuit board to the starting papers, Wordfast Classic is accessible for a grouping of document design from HTML/XLM to other named records ( Miller 2002 ) . Be that as it may, there are some of import updates for using Wordfast Classic. One of them is that it is important to make tidy up TM after interlingual interpretation for refreshing the TM database ( Miller 2002 ) . Since database is put away as txt. design, reexamining the interpreted content is conceivable without Wordfast ( Miller 2002 ) . In this way transcribers will in general cover to refresh TM and glossary. As an outcome, reality of TM will be lost and TM can non use to other new interlingual interpretation undertaking. The particular attributes of Trados TM operational maps Trados TM which comprising the start and imprint areas, is made in the Translation Memories position ( Trados 2010 ) . Particular segment support of the start and imprint is known as an interlingual version unit and it is conceivable to include some data for each interlingual interpretation unit, for example, when it was made and refreshed, and who made it ( Trados 2010 ) . Subsequently it may be utile to pull off the interlingual interpretation history. The interlingual interpretation unit is shown in simple, which is adding to contrasting of the start and imprint segment when redaction. There are three kinds of fiting map: fluffy, setting and 100 % lucifer ( Trados 2010 ) . In spite of the fact that the default of Fuzzy fiting rate is set at 70 % or over, this rate can be changed ( Trados 2010 ) . Setting lucifer is applied when the starting content and TM area lucifer totally and have a similar setting ( Trados 2010 ) . 100 % lucifer implies the starting content segment lucifer definitely with the TM area ( Trados 2010 ) . In footings of the cleavage, Trados can specially craft the cleavage guidelines rely upon a few phonetic interchanges ; Chinese, French, English, German, Spanish and Japanese, which are bolstered by Trados ( Trados 2010 ) . In this manner, there is non required to set the cleavage each clasp. As referenced above, fluffed lucifer is applied when the coordinating rate is 70 % or over ( Trados 2010 ) . This shows if the fiting rate between the start and the TM area is under 70 % , TM will non return any interlingual interpretation ( Trados 2010 ) . Along these lines, if inclining toward pretty much than 70 % copy modify of the fluffed coordinating rate ought to be required. Correlation of trademark among Wordfast and Trados TM With the avobe portrayal as foundation, the attribute of Wordfast and Trados TM will be thought about and evaluated. Most importantly, in footings of using TM in othe tranlation instruments, both Wordfast and Trados can import/send out TM database by change overing the document type into the adequate organization for a few TM. For outline, Wordfast TM is put away in txt. position, while Trados TM is put away in sdltm. position. On the off chance that change overing Trados TM to Wardfast, it is important to fare to a tmx.file. At that point open it with MS Word and detached Wordfast, so pick it as TM. Similarly, Wordfast other than can send out its TM by change overing TM into tmx.format, detached Trados, making new void TM and import the txt.file. Second, despite the fact that making or opening Wordfast TM is about each piece straightforward as that of Trados, Trados TM is improved with arranged discretionary maps, for example, Enable character-based congruity chase and fluffed lucifer edge, contrasted and Wordfast. Notwithstanding, while compareing the starting segment with mark area for translaiton, Wordfast is by all accounts more utile than Trados. In wordfast, the segment is featured with dark shading and I

Essay --

They state your character is worked by life challenges. Esperanza is the ideal case of this. Despite the fact that she experiences tough situations, she can even now discover the solidarity to endure in her fantasies and desire. In the book â€Å"The House on Mango Street† Sandra Cisneros tell the tail of a youthful Latino named Esperanza. In the story she experiences hardships of attempting to get away from Mango Street or neediness. All through the story, characters are presented by accounts of Esperanza’s time on Mango Street. These characters have thought Esperanza to get autonomous through their great and terrible impacts in her youth. To start, one character that is presented is Marin. She is somebody that Esperanza can turn upward to and is agreeable around. Esperanza admires Marin in light of the fact that she doesn't cause her to feel reluctant or embarrassed. She likewise feels she is gaining from somebody more seasoned and more shrewd, this is clear when Esperanza says, â€Å"She is more established and knows loads of things. She is the person who revealed to us how Davey the Baby’ sister got pregnant and what cream is best for taking off mustache hair†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Cisneros...

Ltcm (Long Term Capital Management) Free Essays

Workshop 2, week 3 Syndicate 1. The breakdown of Trio Capital exhibited the manner by which multifaceted investments and assets of speculative stock investments can be excessively intricate, hazy and ailing in straightforwardness, especially for retail speculators. a. We will compose a custom article test on Ltcm (Long Term Capital Management) or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now Quickly sum up what has occurred on account of Trio Capital a year ago in 2012 in Australia The breakdown of Trio Capital is the greatest superannuation misrepresentation in Australian history. Trio Capital was the trustee of a quantities of super finances represented by the APRA (Ryan, S. , 2011). It additionally had various overseen venture plans, similar to ARP Growth Fund and Astarra Strategic Fund. An American legal advisor, Jack Flader, controlled the speculative stock investments in the Caribbean for sake of the organization with the $180 million from Trio Capital’s plans (Ryan, S. , 2011). At the point when those assets crumbled, Australian financial specialists reserves vanished. The organization had poor corporate administration, and at any rate one of the executives had fake direct and has gone to prison (Ryan, S. , 2011). Vendors have record $300 million resources, however more than $ 200million are as yet absent (Ryan, S. 2011). In excess of 6000 financial specialists lost cash and some of them lost their whole retirement reserve funds (Ryan, S. , 2011). Also, 5000 of those speculators share $55 million citizen supported duty to remunerate the misfortune (Ryan, S. , 2011). Anyway in excess of 600 speculators won't get any remuneration in light of the fact th at the supported finances they contributed were self-guided and not administered by the APRA (Ryan, S. , 2011). 2. Examine the guidelines that were set up with respect to speculative stock investments in Australia and what the progressions that are set up are. Right off the bat, Lacking of widespread meaning of â€Å"hedge funds† has been an issue. Multifaceted investments have five one of a kind attributes characterized by the guidelines. As indicated by Class Order [CO 12/749] Relief from the shorter PDS system, a dependable substance utilizing articulation of â€Å"hedge funds† must display at least two attributes from the accompanying rundown: (I) Use of venture techniques proposed to produce comes back with low connection to value and security lists as well as mind boggling speculation structures (ASIC, 2012) (ii) Use of everage to build returns (ASIC, 2012); (iii) Use of subordinates for theoretical purposes (ASIC, 2012); (iv) Use of short selling (ASIC, 2012); or (v) Performance charges (rather than expenses dependent on assets under administration (FUM)) (ASIC, 2012). In any case, after the scale breakdown of Trio Capital and different assets, speculative stock investments troughs may attempt to keep away from marked as flexible investments because of poor notoriety. Besides, improving exposure advance increasingly productive capital market, help divulgence pertinent data, diminish the chance of precluding significant data, focused on the data need of the speculators, and be adaptable to adjust investors’ data needs changes (ASIC, 2012). Under Corporations Act. 3 Pt 7. 9 requires the Product Disclosure Statement should be set up to the proposal of interests, and progressing divulgence commitment and necessities on publicizing and exposure for the proposal of interests(ASIC, 2012) . In detail, PDS should: (a) Be worded and introduced in an unmistakable, brief and compelling way (s1013C(3)) (ASIC, 2012); (b) Make explicit divulgences (s1013D), including in addition to other things about the noteworthy dangers related with holding the item (ASIC, 2012); and (c) Include all other data that may sensibly be required to affect the choice of a sensible individual (when contributing as a retail customer) about whether to put resources into the item (s1013E) (ASIC, 2012). Likewise, Ch 5C has further necessities on flexible investments, including the enrollment should be name as an oversaw speculation conspire worked by a capable substance which holds an Australian money related administrations (AFS) permit, and to have a plan constitution and consistence plan (ASIC, 2012). 3. Depict the jobs of venture banks and vendor banks, with an accentuation on the idea of their off - accounting report business, specifically mergers and acquisitions. The consolidation and securing administrations pay of the speculation banks and shipper banks are huge. In 2003 the aggregate sum of warning expenses that charged surpassed $596 million in USA, proposing that venture banks earned a lot of pay for giving MA guidance (Walter, Yawson Yeung, 2007). The warning administrations offered by speculation banks generally identified with different parts of the securing and offer of organization and resources, for example, business valuation, exchange, estimating and organizing of exchanges, and method and usage (Water, et al. , 2007). One of the most significant investigations is called weakening examination, which requires refreshed aptitudes about M A bookkeeping. Venture banks likewise give â€Å"fairness opinions† which normally included reports validating the reasonableness of an exchange (Water, et al. , 2007). Sometimes, firms intrigued by M An exhortation will contact a speculation bank straightforwardly to process an exchange at the top of the priority list. In any case, in the dominant part cases, venture banks will try out plans to potential customers. After a general presentation of venture banks benefits in merger and securing, the particular jobs will be given underneath: First, speculation bank assumes a warning job for the two purchasers and dealers. At the point when venture bank plays the job of a counsel to potential venders, this is named as a sell-side commitment (Water, et al. , 2007). On another hand, when venture banks go about as a consultant to the acquirers, this is known as a purchase side task (Water, et al. , 2007). Different administrations incorporate prompting customers on threatening takeovers, joint endeavors, h, buyouts and takeover safeguard. Besides, speculation bank likewise assumes a due constancy job. Due industriousness implies gathering, investigating and deciphering the objective company’s budgetary data, contrasted and its chronicled and anticipated money related outcomes, surveying potential collaborations and assessing activities to distinguish openings and difficulties (Water, et al. , 2007). Due determination is utilized to research the hazard and give customer a genuine budgetary image of the procuring organization. Away from advantages and difficulties of the exchange. Reeling sheet business implies the business included an advantage or obligation or financing movement isn't record on the company’s accounting report (Wikipedia, 2013). For instance, money related organizations have professional resource the board or brokage administration to their customers. The benefits (frequently protections) typically have a place with the customers straightforwardly or in trust, the organization has no immediate case to these advantages or has no immediate commitment to these liabilities (Wikipedia, 2013). The organization for the most part has liable for some trustee obligations to the customer. Money related organizations may report off â€balance sheet things in their bookkeeping articulations or may likewise allude to â€Å"assets under management† on reeling sheet things. Under current bookkeeping rules, the bookkeeping differentiation among on and shaky sheet things hush up point by point and rely upon the level of the executives (Wikipedia, 2013). For this situation, speculation banks help purchasers and merchants to process the exchange in consolidation and obtaining. The benefits and liabilities engaged with union and obtaining is legitimately constrained by the purchasers and dealers as opposed to the venture banks. Subsequently these benefits or liabilities ought to be recorded on the wobbly sheet of the venture banks. Coop 2 1. Portray the key components, methodologies that prompted and the exercises gained from the death of Long Term capital Management. Give a concise rundown of what occurred and what were the techniques utilized by the reserve. ( ,reference perusing , perusing ) Summary of what occurred: Long-Term Capital Management was a support investments the executives organization that includes outright return exchanging techniques go with high influence nature. The firm’s key support investments which called Long-Term Capital Portfolio at first succussed with after charges yearly returns over 40% in its first years. Anyway because of the impacts from Russia money related emergency and its high influence, in 1998 it lost $4. 6 billion in under four months. There were a wide scope of organizations and people influenced by LTCM’s misfortune. So as to forestall chain response, Federal Reserve’s monetary mediation and different organizations taken over required and the organization shut down in mid 2000. The systems: At first, the organization utilize complex numerical model to investigate fined pay cling to show subjective exchange (generally get American, Japan and European government security) Government security is a term contract, which implies later on, at a fixed time, they will get a fixed sum cash. At the point when the bond initially gave, the distinction of cost has been limited. Thus, as per financial hypothesis, any value wheeze will be satisfied by discretionary. The value distinction between 30 years government bond and multiple times multi month tie ought to be little. What's more, them two will be adult about 30years later. Anyway these two bonds will have somewhat contrast because of liquidity distinction. So through a genuine of monetary methods, purchase multi year multi month bond and sell 30 years bond before the 30 years bond just gave, the benefit gets potential (Edwards, F. R. , 1999). Be that as it may, utilizing the value contrast and subjective was not feasible. Consequently the LTCM must utilize high influence to create more returns. In 1998, the organization just had 47. 2 billion by them self, yet financed assets around 1245 to 1290 billion, which implies the influence proportion surpass 25 (Edwards, F. R. , 1999). Also, most of the assets are put resources into subsidiaries which is amazingly dangerous (Edwards, 1999). Exercises: Limited influence ought to be required for compa

The San Francisco Earthquake Of 1906 - Free Essay Example

Its 5:12 AM, April 18, 1906. Extremely loud low pitched rumbling wakes many people up from their sleep. This rumbling sound was caused by the Pacific and American Tectonic plates scraping along each other at the San Andreas fault. A shock suddenly hits San Francisco, and it shakes the ground for 45 seconds. Another tremblor 8.3 on the Richter Scale 0 hits for another 25 seconds. Chaos reigned the streets of San Francisco. Later,   4.7 square miles would be destroyed, 225,000 people would go homeless, over 3,000 people died, and 28,000 buildings were destroyed(The San Francisco Earthquake and Fire,1). While the San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 destroyed thousands of buildings and was one of the greatest tragedies of the United States, it affected the world positively through a social and technological change while tragically destroying a whole city and its economy. Because the San Francisco earthquake affected the city economically by damaging many things to make rebuilding cost a lot, technologically by inspiring new building codes and causing a newly built, better San Francisco, and socially by making much of the population come together and help each other through the people lost almost everything they ha d.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1906, San Francisco was built mostly on fill dirt dumped into the bay, which was extremely unstable. Terrible building codes and wooden buildings caused the fire to spread rapidly and kill many people trapped in buildings. Tectonic plates rubbing against each other caused the San Andreas Fault to rupture for 280 miles. This rupture started 200 miles north of the city and sped along south at the speed of 2 miles per second, and the land at the fault moved as much as twelve feet.   Based on information known about the 1906 earthquake, today, scientists have rated it an intensity of IX on the Mercalli scale, developed by Giuseppe Mercalli in the early 20th century, around the time of the earthquake. On the Richter scale, created by Seismologist Dr. Charles Richter Proposed a scale that measures the earths magnitude, or how much energy something releases, the earthquake was rated at 8.3(Chippendale, 31).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 had a significant impact socially by bringing people to work together. Because of many people becoming homeless and being killed, the population of San Francisco had to work together to improve conditions. Dan Kurzman shows what conditions were like and how people interacted when he says talks about over how 200,000 people became homeless, living in tents, and cooking meals with grass. He explains that the refugees would get food that was provided by relief groups, and these lines for blocks. Everybody shared food, utensils, stoves, pots, pans, and many other essential items(223). Even though the people were in a bad situation, they came together to create a better environment aside from all the devastation. Though the San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 was helpful in making teamwork happen, still many people lost everything they had. The San Francisco Chronicle reports from a day afterward how badly the earthquake impac ted the people socially when it talks about thousands of people making their way to Golden Gate Park to find refuge from the fire. Many people also went back to the city to salvage what they could from the remains of the city. Lastly, it reports how at least 500 people were dead at the time, and that Confusion Reigned(Earthquake and Fire; San Francisco in Ruins 1). Many people were impacted negatively by the earthquake, being killed and losing everything they had. The San Francisco Earthquake impact the people socially by devastating them, but also by bringing them together to improve conditions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 impacted the world technologically by improving building methods. For example, Louise Chipley shows this when she says, A [new] 74-mile long water-main system was redesigned to make it easier to shut off water to earthquake damaged parts of the city(105). The downfall of the city made other earthquakes much safer and influenced other cities. Many new building codes were created after the earthquake to prevent such a disaster from happening. Mitchell Earth Sciences talks generally about this when they state, At the time of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, many California municipalities had building codes, but none considered seismic effects. Not surprisingly, the 1906 earthquake sparked discussion of improving earthquake engineering design and incorporating those improvements in regulatory codes. Professional organizations, particularly the Seismological Society of America, which formed in 1906, and later, the Structu ral Engineers Association of California, were persistent advocates of code provisions for earthquake-resistant construction(1). The earthquake helped a lot of people to create new building codes to influence the world and make San Francisco much safer from before. Through these actions after the earthquake, San Francisco influenced many other cities to have much better protection against earthquakes with a great impact technologically.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 was very significant economically tragically but with lots of help from other cities, countries, and people, San Francisco rose from the ashes to become a greater city than ever before. The earthquake had a huge impact economically on people losing everything they had and having to recover. For example, Sydney Tyler explains this well when she talked about many people, rich or poor, lost almost everything. H.W. Crocker, President of Crocker National Bank lost 7.5 million dollars to the earthquake and its intensity. Also, insurance wouldnt cover peoples losses because they themselves also lost a lot of money(299). The earthquake caused so much devastation that many people lost everything they had which made a lot of chaos and turmoil throughout the city. The rebuilding cost a lot, but many people and organizations supported the rebuilding. For example, Chippendale proves how the government helped a lot of banks, and the city when she states, The U.S. Mint provided a steady source of cash until the banks could recover, and mechanisms for receiving goods were in places(187). Though many people were destroyed, economically, the city of San Francisco came back better than ever.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some may think that instead of this disaster coming out at the end as a triumph, the disaster stayed as a huge tragedy and people back then didnt learn their lesson. This may be true because in some instances, such as filling the bay with fill dirt which is unstable ground that collapses easily made with dirt, and after 1906, rubble, were repeated to make the 1989 earthquake have the same effects as before. This may be true, but there are many more triumphs with people helping each other and rebuilding still many things better, than the tragedies of the economy or some hurried building of the city.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Though the San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 was one of the greatest tragedies of the United States when tragically destroying a whole city and its economy by making rebuilding cost a lot, it affected the world positively socially by making the population come together and technologically through inspiring a newly built better San Francisco. The earthquakes short term impact was killing thousands, making many people homeless, and destroying 504 blocks of San Francisco. Though tragic, these events set up a triumph in the long term impact. Within days, San Francisco was up and running, with new buildings being created and rubble being cleared as quickly as possible. Also new fire training was deployed, and new building codes were created. This all added up to San Francisco back up as one of the greatest cities in the west yet again. These events also lessened the effect of the 1989 earthquake Loma Prieta, though there were still some lessons not learned. Tho ugh the San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 was a great tragedy, at the end, however, it resulted in a triumph by improving the city so it would become one of the leading cities of the west.

Copper Facts Chemical and Physical Properties

Copper is a well-known element because of its distinctive reddish metallic color and because it occurs in pure form in daily life. Here is a collection of facts about this beautiful transition metal: Fast Facts: Copper Element Symbol: CuAtomic Number: 29Atomic Weight: 63.546Appearance: Reddish-orange solid metalGroup: Group 11 (transition metal)Period: Period 4Discovery: Middle East (9000 BC) Essential Copper Facts Atomic Number: The atomic number for copper is 29, which means every copper atom contains 29 protons. Symbol: Cu (from Latin: cuprum) Atomic Weight: 63.546 Discovery: Copper has been known since prehistoric time. It has been mined for more than 5000 years. Mankind has used the metal since at least 9000 BC in the Middle East. A copper pendant dated to 8700 BC was found in Iraq. Scientists believe only iron from meteorites and gold were used by people earlier than copper. Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s1 3d10 Word Origin: Latin cuprum: from the isle of Cyprus, which is famed for its copper mines and Old English coper and copper. The modern name copper first came into use around 1530. Properties: Copper has a melting point of 1083.4 /- 0.2Â °C, boiling point of 2567Â °C, specific gravity of 8.96 (20Â °C), with a valence of 1 or 2. Copper is reddish colored and takes a bright metallic luster. It is malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of electricity and heat. It is second only to silver as an electrical conductor. Uses: Copper is widely used in the electrical industry. In addition to many other uses, copper is used in plumbing and for cookware. Brass and bronze are two important copper alloys. Copper compounds are toxic to invertebrates and are used as algicides and pesticides. Copper compounds are used in analytical chemistry, as in the use of Fehlings solution to test for sugar. American coins contain copper. Sources: Sometimes copper appears in its native state. It is found in many minerals, including malachite, cuprite, bornite, azurite, and chalcopyrite. Copper ore deposits are known in North America, South America, and Africa. Copper is obtained by smelting, leaching, and electrolysis of the copper sulfides, oxides, and carbonates. Copper is commercially available at a purity of 99.999 %. Element Classification: Transition Metal Isotopes: There are 28 known isotopes of copper ranging from Cu-53 to Cu-80. There are two stable isotopes: Cu-63 (69.15% abundance) and Cu-65 (30.85% abundance). Copper Physical Data Density (g/cc): 8.96 Melting Point (K): 1356.6 Boiling Point (K): 2840 Appearance: Malleable, ductile, reddish-brown metal Atomic Radius (pm): 128 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 7.1 Covalent Radius (pm): 117 Ionic Radius: 72 (2e) 96 (1e) Specific Heat (20Â °C J/g mol): 0.385 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 13.01 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 304.6 Debye Temperature (K): 315.00 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.90 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 745.0 Oxidation States: 2, 1 Lattice Structure: Face-Centered Cubic Lattice Constant (Ã…): 3.610 CAS Registry Number: 7440-50-8 Copper Trivia Copper has been used since ancient times. Historians even call the period of time between the Neolithic and Bronze Ages the Copper Age.Copper(I) burns blue in a flame test.Copper(II) burns green in a flame test.Coppers atomic symbol Cu is derived from the Latin term cuprum meaning metal of Cyprus.Copper sulfate compounds are used to prevent fungus and algae growth in standing water supplies such as ponds and fountains.Copper is a red-orange metal that darkens to a brown color as it is exposed to air. If it is exposed to air and water, it will form a verdigris of blue-green.Copper has an abundance of 80 parts per million in the Earths crust.Copper has an abundance of 2.5 x 10-4 mg/L in sea water.Copper sheets were added to the bottom of ships to prevent biofouling where seaweed, assorted other greenery and barnacles would cling to ships and slow them down. Today, copper is mixed into the paint used to paint the underside of ships. Sources Hammond, C. R. (2004). The Elements, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (81st ed.). CRC press. ISBN 0-8493-0485-7. Kim, BE. Mechanisms for copper acquisition, distribution and regulation. Nat Chem Biol., T. Nevitt, DJ Thiele, National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, March 2008, Bethesda MD. Massaro, Edward J., ed. (2002). Handbook of Copper Pharmacology and Toxicology. Humana Press. ISBN 0-89603-943-9. Smith, William F. Hashemi, Javad (2003). Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 223. ISBN 0-07-292194-3. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

Graduation Speech After Retirement Essay - 1216 Words

after retirement. That came from a combination of my consulting, a lump sum payment when Sarah retired, and interest / capital appreciation of our investments. Since retirement, we have not been saving any of our retirement income and in fact are depleting our savings paying IRA taxes. We probably can still keep the goal level even while contributing $6,000 a year to our kids requirement IRA because the principle is large enough that the interest income continues to mitigate the expenditures. Jacobus College Fund account distributions and kids IRA gifts will likely hold future growth consistent with the plan. My dream would be that our children would continue this approach, giving each succeeding generation a better net worth that they can pass on. Educational Goals When I was young I had not any educational goals. My father had not graduated from high school and I don’t remember him (or my mother) ever mentioning me going to college. And, as mentioned previously he spent my $3,000 life’s savings which would have put me through the University of Arizona. I was ambivalent about going to college when I graduated from high school, but I signed up in large part to stay out of the military and Vietnam. I had an interest in aviation and in making things so I signed up for Aerospace engineering. At that point I was working 20-25 hours a week to be able to afford the next semester’s tuition, gas for the Hillman, and occasional nights out which didn’t help my studies.Show MoreRelatedSummary : Love Is Never Silent Essay650 Words   |  3 PagesPatrakis, who usually gives whatever her family needs for free. In the middle Margaret graduates from high school and this is where her classmates, their parents and staff find out that her parents are deaf. 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Entrepreneurship Contribution and Operation with Integrity

Question: Discuss about theEntrepreneurshipfor Contribution and Operation with Integrity. Answer: Introduction As a group, we had the pleasure to interview an entrepreneur by name Tim. He has ventured in the property investment. He has always been driven by success; he was previously employed in skyles but got an opportunity to meet a person who was a multimillionaire who had invested more in the properties (Stevenson, Howard and Carlos, 2007). This individual introduced him to the industry and various ways of investing. In 2001, Tim started investing in properties; he had some knowledge because of his mentor and what he had learnt. [1]He further started investment in the land development in 2006, and what helped him in these ventures was acquiring the knowledge from the top development professional companies and learning on the different external cultures (Barringer, 2012). This individual was driven by success, and he started development companies in two places. What drove him was the need to be consistence, values and the difference he wanted to make. Moreover, his major attribute was inve sting in finance, training and helping individuals to make wealth. Contribution, operation with integrity, customer experience were his greatest strengths for the success. The ability recognition of what Tim posed was the ability to deliver, for instance, he was able to start a company and within 24 hours, it was operational. On the aspect of the working capital, he identified some individuals to pivot with and in return to offer a small shareholding on the company, consequently make sure the business was a success, the reason for this he did not want to put all his other investment into one area. Tim, was asked why he did not prefer bank lending as an alternative way of funding, and his thought on this was that in bank lending they required security of other assets, the business needed to be running for several years and if you do not pay they take your assets that was collateral. How Tim Managed and Dealt with the Challenges of a Growing Business In any new business provided it has the right kind of model, there would be a strong growth that will be exhibited. Nonetheless, there are challenges that may result as the business grows (Barringer 2012). One of the way to deal with the challenge, there is need to extract, secure and keep the right individuals. Throughout the years, Tim highlighted that he has used this as a way to solve on the problem. There is no need of throwing in the money to solve a given problem for example if a system has problem it is not good to just buy a new one, so that one is fulfilled. What has helped them is to look at the areas that are not doing well, for instance the cash flow or the employees output (Kuratko2016). This has been looking at the personnel and the talent each individual bring to the business and if in doubt they are replaced. Another way that has helped to solve the challenges of the growth is to take what is in offer. When the business is new, more often it has little stock to begin with, inadequate expertise on the operation of the business so it is advisable to take the offer at hand rather than what one is after. Theory Application Tim explained that when he started the business, he did not have a lot of knowledge just the advice from the mentor and what he learnt in regards to the property investment. [2]He realized that in any business, there is quiet strong growth, but there are challenges, which are exhibited such as the staff are less, the benefits are inadequate and an individual does not quite know what is happening due to inadequate knowledge they have (Drucker, 2014). There is need for the business to attract the right kind of people since this is goes in hand with the economy. Moreover, sometimes it is difficult to get good things for the business; one should take what is on offer (Garud, Raghu, Cynthia and Steve, 2013). Tim transition to the business success from the challenges there is need to invest in people especially the employees. His general manager is a lady who is just 25 years of age, but she has a wide range of experience on interacting with the customers (Shapero, Albert and Lisa Sokol, 1 982). Moreover, being the manager director of the company there is need to develop oneself by identifying what are his weaknesses and working on them to achieve the target. Engaging his success on investing on the employees aligns well with the findings of Joseph Schumpeters innovation theory, which stipulates that the entrepreneurs have three major characteristics these are innovation, foresight and creativity (Santos, 2012). He has found out that the employees are the key stakeholders in the business and investing in them is essentially the best practices that the business could adopt (Bosma and Jos Ernesto, 2014). Tim has adopted an evolved articulation on how to carry the business. On his notion there is need to be happy, and develop on the areas, one is not good at. Moreover, invest on methodological development, which entails helping others to discover themselves. Conclusion The assessment we carried out with the group found out Tim is an entrepreneur we based on various aspects. The reasons we found out is that one is the transition he has developed over the years. [3]First, he was previously employed in the financial planning and the wealth creation, but deep within him, he was driven by success wanted to make a difference in the world. He was given advice from a multimillionaire who had invested heavily in properties investment. He also got the zeal to venture in to this kind of investment. A good entrepreneur should be self-driven, a person who is committed, has integrity and want to make a difference globally. Tim exhibited all these attributes, which have driven him to be successful in the business ventured. According to him what makes a business to be successful, is investing in people. The general manager is a lady who is just 25 years of age and she head other business. This clearly shows she learnt early on the processes and operation of the bu siness. Tim is also articulate, in that he has learnt on the methodological development and the global economic cycles from the top economists. Bibliography Barringer, Bruce. Entrepreneurship: Successfully Launching New Ventures, (2012). 2012. Bosma, N. S., and Jos Ernesto Amors. "Global entrepreneurship monitor 2013 global report." (2014). Bygrave, William D. "The entrepreneurship paradigm (I): a philosophical look at its research methodologies." Entrepreneurship Theory and practice 14, no. 1 (1989): 7-26. Drucker, Peter. Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge, 2014. Garud, Raghu, Cynthia Hardy, and Steve Maguire. "Institutional entrepreneurship." In Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, pp. 1069-1074. Springer New York, 2013. Kuratko, Donald F. Entrepreneurship: Theory, process, and practice. Cengage Learning, 2016. Santos, Filipe M. "A positive theory of social entrepreneurship." Journal of business ethics 111, no. 3 (2012): 335-351. Shapero, Albert, and Lisa Sokol. "The social dimensions of entrepreneurship." Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship (1982): 72-90. Sharma, Pramodita, and Sankaran James J. Chrisman. "Toward a reconciliation of the definitional issues in the field of corporate entrepreneurship." In Entrepreneurship, pp. 83-103. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. Stevenson, Howard H., and J. Carlos Jarillo. "A paradigm of entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial management." In Entrepreneurship, pp. 155-170. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007.

Macbeth Questions free essay sample

Discuss the various roles of the witches in ‘Macbeth’ with special emphasis on Coleridge’s remark that â€Å"the witches have the power of tempting those that have been tempters themselves. † What is, at the end of the play, your attitude to Macbeth? Admiration, sympathy, disgust, or any other attitude? Justify your view by referring to scenes or extracts. June 1986) Analyse the nature of kingship in ‘Macbeth’ by drawing your information from Shakespeare’s presentation of King Duncan, of Malcolm and –by contrast – of Macbeth. Macbeth is neither a loathsome nor a heroic character, but a mixture of both. Discuss. (September 1986) ‘Infirm of purpose’: in how far is this impression you receive of Macbeth justified? ‘This even-handed justice / Commends th’ingredients of our poisoned chalice / To our lips. ’ Put these lines in their proper context. Explain them and show how they come true for Macbeth. (June 1989) Banquo is dramatically as important alive as dead. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth Questions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Discuss. Do you agree with the view that Macbeth is fighting a lost battle against forces beyond his control? (September 1991) ‘She should have died hereafter’. The relation between Macbeth and his wife stands as long as they have a common aim. Macbeth is too weak for the part he has chosen to play. (September 1992) ‘Life . is a tale /Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury. Signifying nothing. Does Macbeth’s nihilistic conclusion (Act V, Scene V) mean that Shakespeare’s ‘Macbeth’ offers a view of a meaningless world, full of horrors and suffering, without any positive moral values? Discuss the importance of the Porter Scene (Act II, Scene III). (June 1993) Assess the importance of the supernatural in ‘Macbeth’. Comment on the nature and dramatic function of the Ghost Scene. (June 1994) Describe what happens in Lady Macbeth’s ‘Sleeepwalking Scene’ at the beginning of Act V. Why is this scene so important? Describe the character of Macduff, and show how Shakespeare wins respect and approval for him. (June 1995) What would be missing if there were no witch scenes? Discuss the importance of the witches in the whole play. Analyse Macbeth’s attitude to Lady Macbeth after the murder of Duncan. Is it true that he does not need her any more? What impact does her death have on him? (September 1995) Macbeth is a very complex character. Analyse the different roles he plays according to the situations he finds himself in. ‘Unnatural deeds/ Do breed unnatural troubles. Show how the destruction of the natural order becomes one of the main themes of the play. (June 1996) Analyse the role of children in ‘Macbeth’. Shakespeare is above all writers, at least above all modern writers, the poet of Nature. Do you agree with Samuel Johnson’s assessment? (September 1996) ‘This even-handed justice / Commends th’ingredients of our poisoned chalice / To our lips. ’ Discuss the truth of this in relation to Macbeth and his wife. Discuss the salient images of health and sickness in the play and point out their relevance to the plot. June 1997) Banquo, Malcolm, Macduff and Lady Macduff. Why does Shakespeare introduce these characters? Are they really necessary? 1 Marc Weis, Lycee Classique de Diekirch Essay Questions on William Shakespeares Macbeth 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) 31) Why does Macbeth fail? Carefully analyse the various reasons for Macbeth’s failure. (September 1998) Analyse the theme of loyalty to King and country as presented in ‘Macbeth’. Analyse the relationship between Banquo and Macbeth. (June 1998) ‘Macbeth is no common ruthless butcher’ Comment upon this statement. Macbeth is a play about crime and punishment’. Comment upon this statement. (September 1998) Discuss the influence of the witches’ prophecies on Macbeth’s decisions to murder Duncan and to have Banquo killed. 32) How significant, do you think, is Shakespeare’s use of imagery in this play? In your answer analyse two examples more extensively. (June 1999) 33) Analyse the theme of equivocation in ‘Macbeth’.

Teacher Responsibilities Make It a Weighty Job

Teacher Responsibilities Make It a Weighty Job What do students, parents, administrators and the community really expect of teachers? Obviously, teachers must educate students in certain academic subjects, but society also wants teachers to encourage adherence to a generally accepted code of conduct. The measurable responsibilities speak to the significance of the job, but certain personal qualities might better indicate a teachers potential for long-term success. Teachers Need an Aptitude for Teaching Teachers must be able to explain their subject matter to students, but this goes beyond simply reciting the knowledge they gained through their own education. Teachers must possess an aptitude to teach the material through different methods based on the needs of the students. Teachers must also meet the needs of students of varying abilities within the same classroom, provide all students with an equal opportunity to learn. Teachers must be able to inspire students from diverse backgrounds and experiences to achieve. Teachers Need Strong Organizational Skills Teachers must be organized. Without a good system of organization and daily procedures in place, the job of teaching becomes more difficult. A disorganized teacher could find him or herself in professional jeopardy. If a teacher does not keep accurate attendance, grade and behavioral records, it could result in administrative and legal problems. Teachers Need Common Sense and Discretion Teachers must possess common sense. The ability to make decisions grounded in common sense leads to a more successful teaching experience. Teachers who make judgment errors often create difficulties for themselves and sometimes even the profession. Teachers must maintain the confidentiality of student information, particularly for students with learning disabilities. Teachers can create professional problems for themselves by being indiscreet, but they can also lose the respect of their students, affecting their potential for learning. Teachers Need To Be Good Role Models Teachers must present themselves as a  good role model  both in and out of the classroom. A teachers private life can impact his or her professional success. A teacher who participates in questionable activities  during personal time can experience a loss of moral authority in the classroom. While its true that varying sets of personal morals exist among segments of society, a generally accepted standard for basic rights and wrongs dictates acceptable personal behavior for teachers. Every career has its own level of responsibility, and its perfectly reasonable to expect teachers to meet their professional obligations and responsibilities. Doctors, lawyers and other professionals operate with similar responsibilities and expectations for patient and client privacy. But society often holds teachers to an even higher standard because of their position of influence with children. Its clear that children  learn best with positive role models who demonstrate the types of behavior that lead to personal success. Though written in 1910, the words of Chauncey P. Colegrove in his book The Teacher and the School still ring true today: No one can justly expect that all teachers, or any teacher, shall be endlessly patient, free from mistakes, always perfectly just, a miracle of good temper, unfailingly tactful, and unerring in knowledge. But people have a right to expect that all teachers shall have fairly accurate scholarship, some professional training, average mental ability, moral character, some aptness to teach, and that they shall covet earnestly the best gifts.

Bill Clinton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bill Clinton - Essay Example Clinton woke himself up on Sunday mornings, wore his best clothes then walked to Park Place Baptist Church, which was half a mile away from his home to attend services alone. Gospel music performed by the church choir was among the important influencing factors to Clinton’s love for the church, which also inspired him to start playing the jazz saxophone. By the time Clinton was through with his high school education, he had developed his skills in playing jazz saxophone where many recognized him as the best saxophonist in the city (Finkelman and Wallenstein 80). Clinton went to Hot Springs High School, which was a segregated high school for the whites where he became a stellar student in addition to being an integral member of the school’s jazz band. Clinton went to the Arkansas Boys State in 1963 and was successfully elected the Arkansas representative to the American Legion's Boys Nation. Each representative had a chance to meet the USA president which gave him an opp ortunity through an invitation to meet the then President John F. Kennedy. As a result of the photo shoot the young Bill Clinton had shaking hands with President Kennedy; the photograph has since become an iconic image signifying a passing of the leadership baton between generations of modern Democratic leadership (Benson 11). His political nature having taken roots in his high school years, Clinton instantly entered university politics at the Georgetown University being elected president of his freshman and sophomore classes but later lost the election for student body president in his junior year. Clinton then shifted his focus from campus politics to his work as a clerk for the Foreign Relations Committee, which at the time was under Senator Fulbright (Benson 19). Clinton’s immediate availability to take the Rhodes scholarship to attend Oxford University he had won while at Georgetown University became uncertain shortly after his arrival in Oxford as he was required back t o Arkansas when he received a draft notice. To ensure he attends Oxford, Clinton enrolled in the ROTC program at the University of Arkansas Law School to avoid military service, but did not attend law school that fall, as he returned to Oxford to take up his scholarship (Benson 27). It was while attending the Yale Law School after seeing out his Rhodes scholarship, that Clinton met Hillary Rodham, a bright young woman whose political objectives were in harmony with those of Clinton (Finkelman and Wallenstein 80). The Clintons moved to Arkansas after their graduation, where Bill took up a teaching position at the University of Arkansas but since his heart was in politics, he right away entered the world of politics. His first shot at an elective seat after graduating from Yale was in 1974 when he faced the Republican incumbent U.S. House of Representatives John Paul Hammer Schmidt in an election Clinton lost. Clinton lost the election in by a small margin to the surprise of many mark ing his stature as the fast rising political star of the Arkansas Democratic Party. Clinton was to feature again the election campaigns two years later this time getting elected the state attorney general a position he held until 1978 when he ran for the governor’s position defeating Republican Lynn Lowe to become one of the youngest governors in American history at 32 years of age (Gaines 16). Having secured his

Random sampling in hypothesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Random sampling in hypothesis - Essay Example Therefore, it is important to use the random sample to enable the ease of making the comparison in the null hypothesis of a population. Random sampling receives support from probability mathematics whose facts have been proved beyond doubt. Convenience sample does not use probability in arriving at the final sample. It is not suitable for assessing a population. Due to its ‘non-probability’ nature, convenience sampling is not suitable for studying the relationship between a population and sample. Random sampling gives a true representation of the population because it is not biased to any side. The use of Convenience samples makes researchers choose samples that they prefer but not a true representation of a population (Duttalo, 123). It gives a conclusion that is not true about the population. In statistics, bias should not be given to any part of a population. A true hypothesis should not have the bias. For example, in a data that contains a population of one hundred, it is wrong to select the first ten elements to represent the population. The best representative of the population should involve random sampling. Random sampling requires that one chooses any ten elements from the population without taking any consideration to the position.

Animal Abuse Essay Example for Free

Animal Abuse Essay The Greyhound is an ancient breed of dog. It is the only dog mentioned in the Bible, and has been depicted in many ancient Egyptian paintings, dating back over 4,000 years. Greyhounds were so revered, that the Greyhounds were allowed to share their tents. In ancient Arabic countries, the birth of a son was the most important event, the second was the birth of a Greyhound. The history of dog racing can be traced back to Queen Elizabeth I in the 16th century when Greyhounds were brought over to England from Egypt, where her majesty created the first formal rules of dog coursing, naming it the â€Å"Sport of Queens†. In the 18th century, England exported the sport to America, and soon the sport was comprised of racing and gambling. In 1912, the dog racing as it is known today, was established by Owen Patrick Smith, the man who invented the mechanical lure used in today’s dog racing. The first official dog track was opened in 1919 in California, and in 1931, wagering was legalized in Florida, paving the way for the development of the Palm Beach Kennel Club. The Palm Beach Kennel Club operated permits for dog racing, which officially started in America in 1932. Unfortunately, the once grandeur and majesty of the sport is tarnished with the unethical abuse these animals endure. The definition of animal abuse is â€Å"the crime of inflicting physical pain, suffering or death on an animal, usually a tame one, beyond necessity for normal discipline. It can include neglect that is so monstrous (withholding food and water) that the animal has suffered, died or been put in imminent danger of death. † (Hill, 2005). Many Greyhounds are the subject of abuse in the racing world. The Greyhounds are subject to horrible conditions. Many people enjoy watching a good race. The anticipation of the race and the thrill of their prized dog winning would make anyone want to attend a race. But it’s what happens before and after the race that has many people up in arms over the whole dog racing scene. When the dogs are not racing, they are kept in crates stacked one on top of the other. The dogs are not exercised regularly; the only exercise they get is from racing, and a race lasts for only a few minutes. If an Greyhound is injured during practice or during the race, the dog is killed and ground up for food for the other dogs. Many Greyhounds also die during the race due to exhaustion and dehydration. It is important to address this issue because animal abuse is a crime, and most people who commit these heinous acts are never brought to justice. It is also important to understand why someone could harm an innocent animal. According to the ASPCA, there are three main reasons why someone would be cruel to animals in their article titled, Why people abuse animals. The first reason is that some people abuse animals is that they do not know they are abusing the animal. Some people just don’t think about what they are doing to the animal, and others think excessive force is necessary to maintain control of the animal. A person who hits their dog when he or she does something wrong, like poop in the house, will use excessive force to show the animal that what he or she did was bad. Other people forget to roll down a window on a hot day with the animal in the car. The second reason a person would abuse animals is that the person will do it purposefully, but not for a continuous amount of time. Young kids who throw rocks at cats or kick a dog are an example of this type of abuser. Many young children can be taught through support groups and educational programs to show how an animal feels when it is abused in such a way, and many children learn to respect animals. The third reason a person would abuse an animal is the most serious form of animal cruelty. The third reason a person would abuse an animal is for power. Many of these types of people enjoy hurting the weak and helpless animals, as it makes them feel in control. Most of these people who intentionally hurt an animal have serious psychological issues that need to be addressed. If left unchecked, these issues may lead to more serious acts of violence. According the article, most people that were mentioned in the first and second reason for animal abuse can be educated through materials, counselors and educational classes. But even with the educational classes, what most people don’t understand is the psychological effects of the abuse has on animals. All animals want is to be loved and cared for, especially dogs. Humans have breed dogs to be our companions, and are the only animal that sets out to please us. When a human abuses an animal, we lose that trust that the animal places in us. The main psychological effect abuse has on dogs can be devastating. A dog may feel threatened by any human that it comes in contact with, and the dog can turn aggressive out of fear. Other dogs are fearful and maintain their fearfulness throughout the rest of their lives. These dogs may cower away from humans, shunning away when a human has an object in their hand or hide when they hear raised voices. L. Kalef wrote an article titled Psychological effects of animal cruelty, and in the article, he talked about the effects of animal abuse in Eastern Europe. For those who have traveled to Eastern European countries, it is not uncommon to be privy to packs of dogs roaming in some of the major cities, and sometimes being aggressive out of fear, hunger or abuse have led to provoke a similar reaction by the population by way of harm and abuse. Sadly, these neglected animals are under constant scrutiny and possible attack, which has become all too common. For years, welfare activists have been speaking up for the plight of the strays and the brutal inhumane abuse and killings; but no one until now has suggested that the constant exposure of this violence may instigate other and further violent activity within the community. In other words, growing up in a society being exposed to animal abuse causes further abuse and lack of compassion. (Kalef, 2012) But there are many people who argue that dog racing is not the only animal sport that has animal abuse and that it is part of the sport. Throughout the world of animal sports, there are some instances of animal abuse. In Mexico, bullfighting is a very popular sport, where the object of the game is to kill the bull or else the Matador will be stampeded or stabbed by the bulls horns. The bulls are starved and tortured, and they meaner the bull becomes, the more entertaining the sport. Also, horse racing has had its fair share of animal abuse cases. Many Thoroughbreds that receive an injury are killed, just like the Greyhounds, and made into meat that is sold for human consumption. J. Frater wrote an article titled 10 Debated acts of animal cruelty, which outlines a few instances that can be considered animal abuse. For those who have traveled to Eastern European countries, it is not uncommon to be privy to packs of dogs roaming in some of the major cities, and sometimes being aggressive out of fear, hunger or abuse have led to provoke a similar reaction by the population by way of harm and abuse. Sadly, these neglected animals are under constant scrutiny and possible attack, which has become all too common. For years, welfare activists have been speaking up for the plight of the strays and the brutal inhumane abuse and killings; but no one until now has suggested that the constant exposure of this violence may instigate other and further violent activity within the community. In other words, growing up in a society being exposed to animal abuse causes further abuse and lack of compassion. (Frater, 2010). But to most people, that is just the way the sport is. What is someone going to do with a prized race horse that has a broken leg and can no longer race? Why take the money to fix the injury, when the owner can make money off of selling the animal for food? It’s just part of the sport. But there is one question that needs to be answered. Which side is right? The truth is both sides are right. There will always be animal abuse in sports, as well as throughout the world. We as a people will not be able to completely stop the abuse, we can just diminish the amount of animals are abused. Through the use of stricter laws and more regulations, we as humans can help the voiceless. In conclusion, though there is no one way to solve animal cruelty in the world. There will always be animal cruelty in the sporting world, but as long as we humans can educate the younger generations, the amount of cases of animal cruelty will drastically decrease. Only one can hope that the â€Å"Sport of Queens† can return once again to the grandeur and majesty that the sport once was.

Macbeth :: essays research papers

MACBETH The play Macbeth by William Shakespeare contains many interesting themes; Shakespeare has taken a time of great change in Scottish history and used it to suit his of purposes. He uses the rise to power of a man to examine issues and ideology of Elizabethan times. The people of the Elizabethan timer believed in the divine right of kings, to put simply the king is gods chosen representative on earth, he speaks to god, to kill a king would bring about horrendous repercussions an turn a peaceful world into chaos. A good example of this chaos is when Macbeth kills Duncan; the day after Ross tells us That the day became as dark as night, a falcon was killed by an owl and that Duncan's horses turned wild and ate each other. Another theme from Macbeth, which is linked to the idea of divine right of kings, is Individuals disrupting the natural order of events. Unnatural acts such as murder and witchcraft are linked to unnatural events in nature. Using the example of duncan's horses, we see, after Macbeth committed an unnatural act (killing Duncan) we learn that his horses ate each other an act that is not natural to horses. Considering both of these, Macbeth had to decide whether it was right for him to change events, but also if he kills Duncan will it mean he, himself may fall victim to someone's vaulting ambition. "Bloody instructions which, being taught, return to plague the inventor" Macbeth Act 1 scene 4 Macbeth is also plagued with the idea of kingship. A bad leader will always equal unhappy times. When Maclom lists the qualities in a king ( Act 4 scene 3)he lists Justice, Verity, Temperance, Stableness, bounty, Perseverance, Mercy, lowliness, Devotion, Patience, Courage, Fortitude. How many of these qualities do we see in Macbeth? The role of good and evil, another major theme in Macbeth is important, because although Macbeth and lady macbeth are comsidered evil, they show weaknessess. It is clear they have got in to deep. I consider the witches to be evil as they corrupted a good man leading him from the values he was brought up to respecthowerve, I do not see Banquo as good. For the reason he did not voice his beliefs that macbeth was the killer, nor Macduff, although he appears as a good man he did abandon his family, leaving them to the wrath and injustice of Macbeth Macbeth :: essays research papers MACBETH The play Macbeth by William Shakespeare contains many interesting themes; Shakespeare has taken a time of great change in Scottish history and used it to suit his of purposes. He uses the rise to power of a man to examine issues and ideology of Elizabethan times. The people of the Elizabethan timer believed in the divine right of kings, to put simply the king is gods chosen representative on earth, he speaks to god, to kill a king would bring about horrendous repercussions an turn a peaceful world into chaos. A good example of this chaos is when Macbeth kills Duncan; the day after Ross tells us That the day became as dark as night, a falcon was killed by an owl and that Duncan's horses turned wild and ate each other. Another theme from Macbeth, which is linked to the idea of divine right of kings, is Individuals disrupting the natural order of events. Unnatural acts such as murder and witchcraft are linked to unnatural events in nature. Using the example of duncan's horses, we see, after Macbeth committed an unnatural act (killing Duncan) we learn that his horses ate each other an act that is not natural to horses. Considering both of these, Macbeth had to decide whether it was right for him to change events, but also if he kills Duncan will it mean he, himself may fall victim to someone's vaulting ambition. "Bloody instructions which, being taught, return to plague the inventor" Macbeth Act 1 scene 4 Macbeth is also plagued with the idea of kingship. A bad leader will always equal unhappy times. When Maclom lists the qualities in a king ( Act 4 scene 3)he lists Justice, Verity, Temperance, Stableness, bounty, Perseverance, Mercy, lowliness, Devotion, Patience, Courage, Fortitude. How many of these qualities do we see in Macbeth? The role of good and evil, another major theme in Macbeth is important, because although Macbeth and lady macbeth are comsidered evil, they show weaknessess. It is clear they have got in to deep. I consider the witches to be evil as they corrupted a good man leading him from the values he was brought up to respecthowerve, I do not see Banquo as good. For the reason he did not voice his beliefs that macbeth was the killer, nor Macduff, although he appears as a good man he did abandon his family, leaving them to the wrath and injustice of Macbeth

Data Compression and Decompression Algorithms

Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦2 1. Data Compression†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 1. 1Classification of Compression†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 1. 2 Data Compression methods†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 2. Lossless Compression Algorithm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 2. 1 Run-Length Encoding†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 2. 1. 1 Algorithm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 2. 1. 2Complexity †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 2. 1. 3 Advantages and disadvantage†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 3.Huffmann coding†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 3. 1 Huffmann encoding†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 3. 2 Algorithm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 4. Lempel-Ziv algorithm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 4. 1 Lempel-Ziv78†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 4. 2Encoding Algorithm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 4. 3 Decoding Algorithm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12 5. Lempel-Ziv Welch†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 14 5. 1 Encoding Algorithm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 14 5. 2 Decoding Algorithm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 17 INTRODUCTION: Data compression is a common requirement for most of the computerized applications. There are number of data compression algorithms, which are dedicated to compress different data formats. Even for a single data type there are number of different compression algorithms, which use different approaches. This paper examines lossless data compression algorithms. 1. DATA COMPRESSION: In computer science  data compression  involves  encoding  information  using fewer  bits  than the original representation.Compression is useful because it helps reduce the consumption of resources such as data space or transmission  capacity. Because compressed data must be decompressed to be used, this extra processing imposes computational or other costs through decompression. 1. 1 Classification of Compression: a) Static/non-adaptive compressio n. b) Dynamic/adaptive compressioin. a) Static/Non-adaptive Compression: A  static  method is one in which the mapping from the set of messages to the set of codewords is fixed before transmission begins, so that a given message is represented by the same codeword every time it appears in the message ensemble.The classic static defined-word scheme is Huffman coding. b) Dynamic/adaptive compression: A code is  dynamic  if the mapping from the set of messages to the set of codewords changes over time. 2. 2 Data Compression Methods: 1) Losseless Compression: Lossless compression reduces bits by identifying and eliminating  statistical redundancy. No information is lost in Lossless compression is possible because most real-world data has statistical redundancy. For example, an image may have areas of colour that do not change over several pixels; instead of coding â€Å"red pixel, red pixel, †¦ the data may be encoded as â€Å"279 red pixels†. Lossless compression is used in cases where it is important that the original and the decompressed data be identical, or where deviations from the original data could be deleterious. Typical examples are executable programs, text documents, and source code. Some image file formats, like  PNG  or  GIF, use only lossless compression 2) Loosy Compression: In information technology, lossy compression is a data encoding method that compresses data by discarding (losing) some of it. The procedure aims to inimize the amount of data that needs to be held, handled, and/or transmitted by a computer. Lossy compression is most commonly used to compress multimedia data (audio, video, and still images), especially in applications such as streaming media and internet telephony. If we take a photo of a sunset over the sea, for example there are going to be groups of pixels with the same colour value, which can be reduced. Lossy algorithms tend to be more complex, as a result they achieve better results for bitma ps and can accommodate for the lose of data. The compressed file is an estimation of the original data.One of the disadvantages of lossy compression is that if the compressed file keeps being compressed, then the quality will degraded drastically. 2. Lossless Compression Algorithms: 2. 1 Run-Length Encoding(RLE): RLE stands for Run Length Encoding. It is a lossless algorithm that only offers decent compression ratios in specific types of data. How RLE works: RLE is probably the easiest compression algorithm. It replaces sequences of the same data values within a file by a count number and a single value. Suppose the following string of data (17 bytes) has to be compressed: ABBBBBBBBBCDEEEEFUsing RLE compression, the compressed file takes up 10 bytes and could look like this: A 8B C D 4E F 2. 1. 1 Algorithm: for (i=0;i

The Rate Of Mental Health Essay - 1439 Words

In this essay, research based around the rate of mental health in UK students will be discussed and analyzed. The writer will be discussing how prevalent mental health conditions are in UK students and how research has helped to impact the support of students with such conditions. According to the World Health Organization a mental illness is â€Å"generally characterized by some combination of abnormal thoughts, emotions, behavior and relationships with others†. A big problem with mental illness is defining what behaviors are normal and abnormal as to do so it involves a judgment, but societies ideas of what is â€Å"normal† are subjective. There are a variety of mental health illnesses and according to the DSM-5 there are 271 psychological disorders which it has listed and categorized into groups such as eating disorders and mood disorders. The DSM-5 is a manual for diagnosing psychological disorders and aims to help professionals make objective decisions when diagnosing people with disorders, and although is widely used, it does focus a large amount on surface behaviors and not enough on what is causing people to act and or think a certain way. The DSM-5 also relies a lot on symptoms for putting people into categories for their maldaptive beha viors but, in reality mental health conditions are a lot more complicated - â€Å"a person may have some of the symptoms of one disorder and some of the symptoms of another and their symptoms may change in different surroundings† (Dalal andShow MoreRelatedThe Epidemic Rates Of Mental Health Concerns844 Words   |  4 PagesThere exists a limited amount of research in the field of child and youth mental health despite the high level of documented need in this area (Nadeau, Rousseau Measham, 2012). 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He uses historical figuresRead MoreSocial Problem Being Explored Is The Low Rate Of Nepalese / Burmese Refugees With Ptsd Seeking Mental Health Services1681 Words   |  7 PagesIn Depth Theory Analysis The social problem being explored is the low rate of Nepalese/Burmese refugees with PTSD seeking mental health services due to attached stigma for seeking such services. This section will use ecological systems, conflict and social contrustionist perspectives to provide an in depth analysis of the issue. Conceptualizing Stigma The Nepalese/Burmese refugees follow Nepalese traditions and culture. Contextually PTSD does not exist in traditional Nepalese culture. (KohrtRead MoreThe Link Between Homelessness And Mental Health983 Words   |  4 PagesWhat’s the issue? The lack of mental health services available to the mentally-ill and the deinstitutionalization of mental health hospitals have created a public health concern. These issues along with a failed continuum of care plans and a lack of community mental health services have been major contributing factors to homelessness. In addition, the strict guidelines for psychiatric hospitalization are critical when analyzing homelessness. In many cases, only the critically ill are meeting clinicalRead MoreMental Health Disorders And Its Effects On Children And Society1626 Words   |  7 PagesRelated issues Mental health disorders such as bipolar disorder and ADHD creates a burden on affected children and society at large. Commonly identified issues include financial impact on the family, effect of the illness on the child, social issues, occupational and academic functioning, racial impact, effects on family, stigma of the illness, suicide, economic burden on society, role of healthcare providers and cultural issues. Role of religion Whenever a child is diagnosed with a mental illness, parentsRead MoreMental Health For The Mentally Ill999 Words   |  4 PagesMental Health Brief What’s the issue? The lack of mental health services available to the mentally-ill and the deinstitutionalization of mental health hospitals have created a public health concern. These issues along with failed continuum of care strategies and a lack of community mental health services are major contributing factors to homelessness. In addition, the strict guidelines for psychiatric hospitalization are critical when analyzing homelessness among the mentally-ill. In many cases,Read MoreThis Study Was Examined Way Back Since The Mid-1800S. Many1309 Words   |  6 Pagesresearchers wanted to know about interest in the mental health status of those African Americans. However, wanted to tell you about the understanding of Black African Americans and Mental Health Status of complexities and new developments. The attention came from policymakers, especially in the era of racial disparities. It was in the health status backgrounds of different ethnic groups. The facts of using receipt of psychiatric services in mental health status in those African Americans. Therefore,Read MoreThe Problems of Homelessness and Mental Illness1536 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Introduction The problems of homelessness and mental illness are inextricably intertwined. One way that mental illness impacts peoples lives is that it oftentimes renders them unable to carry out the functions of daily life, such as keeping a job, paying their bills, and managing a household. In addition to disrupting the events of daily life, mental illness may also prevent people from forming and maintaining stable relationships or cause people to misinterpret others guidance and react irrationallyRead MoreI Am Writing About The Bill s Mental Health Care Access Act1248 Words   |  5 PagesDeepa Oja and I reside in your district 7. I am writing to support your bill H.R. 1604, Veteran’s Mental Health Care access Act, which you cosponsor. The bill calls for veterans to be eligible for mental health care at non Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities, regardless of when they enrolled in the VA health care system or seek care at a VA facility, or the location of the veteran s residence. Mental illness is very common among men and women who serve in our military. According to American PsychiatricRead MoreHow Social Class Affects The Mental Health Of The Upper Class Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Mental health issues can affect anyone at any point in their life, but does your social class have anything to do with the type of mental health issue you have? There have been studies that focus on poverty and how that affects the mental health of the lower class, but how does social status affect the mental health of the upper class? There is a need to see how social status affects the mental health of the upper class, so we can compare it to that of the middle and lower classes.